4BA-1A.1 What exclusive frequency privileges in the 80-meter band are authorized to Amateur Extra control operators? A- 3525-3775 kHz B- 3500-3525 kHz C- 3700-3750 kHz D- 3500-3550 kHz 4BA-3H.1 Which amateur stations may be operated in RACES? A- Only Extra Class Amateur Radio stations B- Any licensed Amateur Radio station except a station licensed to a Novice C- Any licensed Amateur Radio station certified by the responsible civil defense organization D- Any licensed Amateur Radio station other than a station licensed to a Novice, providing the station is certified by the responsible civil defense organization 4BA-5F.2 Under what circumstances, if any, may a person who is an employee of a company that is engaged in the distribution of equipment used in connection with Amateur Radio transmissions be a VE? A- Under no circumstances B- Only if the employee's work is not directly related to that part of the company involved in the manufacture or distribution of amateur equipment C- Only if the employee has no financial interest in the company D- Only if the employee is an Extra Class licensee 4BA-7A-1.7 What is Examination Element 4(A)? A- The written examination for the Technician class operator license B- The 20-WPM amateur Morse code examination C- The written examination for the Advanced class operator license D- The written examination for the Amateur Extra class operator license 4BA-7E.2 Who must grade the test papers? A- The ARRL B- The administering Volunteer Examiners C- The Volunteer-Examiner Coordinator D- The FCC 4BB-2A.7 What is the standard video level, in percent PEV, for black? A- 0% B- 12.5% C- 70% D- 100% 4BD-3A.4 How can ensuring good electrical contact between connecting metal surfaces in a vehicle reduce spark plug noise? A- It reduces the spark gap distance, causing a lower frequency spark B- It helps radiate the spark plug noise away from the vehicle C- It reduces static buildup on the vehicle body D- It encourages lower frequency electrical resonances in the vehicle 4BE-2A.5 What is the term for the time it takes for a charged capacitor in an RC circuit to discharge to 36.8% of its initial value of stored charge? A- One discharge period B- An exponential discharge rate of one C- A discharge factor of one D- One time constant 4BE-3.4 What are the two families of circles that make up a Smith Chart? A- Resistance and voltage B- Reactance and voltage C- Resistance and reactance D- Voltage and impedance 4BF-1B.1 What is a depletion-mode FET? A- An FET that has a channel with no gate voltage applied; a current flows with zero gate voltage B- An FET that has a channel that blocks current when the gate voltage is zero C- An FET without a channel; no current flows with zero gate voltage D- An FET without a channel to hinder current through the gate 4BF-4.5 What level of input voltage is low in a TTL device operating with a 5-volt power supply? A- -2.0 to -5.5 volts B- 2.0 to 5.5 volts C- -0.6 to 0.8 volts D- -0.8 to 0.4 volts 4BG-1D.1 What is a truth table? A- A table of logic symbols that indicate the high logic states of an op-amp B- A diagram showing logic states when the digital device's output is true C- A list of input combinations and their corresponding outputs that characterizes a digital device's function D- A table of logic symbols that indicates the low logic states of an op-amp 4BG-4B.7 What is an undesirable effect of using too wide a filter bandwidth in the IF section of a receiver? A- Output-offset overshoot B- Undesired signals will reach the audio stage C- Thermal-noise distortion D- Filter ringing 4BH-1B.3 What is one way that voice is transmitted in a pulse-width modulation system? A- A standard pulse is varied in amplitude by an amount depending on the voice waveform at that instant B- The position of a standard pulse is varied by an amount depending on the voice waveform at that instant C- A standard pulse is varied in duration by an amount depending on the voice waveform at that instant D- The number of standard pulses per second varies depending on the voice waveform at that instant 4BH-3.1 What is amplitude compandored single sideband? A- Reception of single sideband with a conventional CW receiver B- Reception of single sideband with a conventional FM receiver C- Single sideband incorporating speech compression at the transmitter and speech expansion at the receiver D- Single sideband incorporating speech expansion at the transmitter and speech compression at the receiver 4BI-2A.6 What is the radiation pattern of two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/4 wavelength apart and fed 180 degrees out of phase? A- Omnidirectional B- Cardioid unidirectional C- Figure-8 broadside to the antennas D- Figure-8 end-fire in line with the antennas 4BI-6A.1 What kind of impedance does a 1/8-wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is shorted at the far end? A- A capacitive reactance B- The same as the characteristic impedance of the line C- An inductive reactance D- The same as the input impedance to the final generator stage 4BA-2D.1 How does an alien operator identify an Amateur Radio station when operating under an FCC Reciprocal Operating Permit? A- By using only his or her own call B- By using his or her own call, followed by the city and state in the United States or possessions closest to his or her present location C- By using his or her own call, followed by the letter(s) and number indicating the United States call-letter district of his or her location at the time of the contact, with the city and state nearest the location specified once during each contact D- By using his or her own call sign, followed by the serial number of the Reciprocal Operating Permit and the call-letter district number of his or her present location 4BA-5C.3 How is an Element 3(A) examination prepared? A- By Advanced or Extra Class Volunteer Examiners or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators selecting questions from the appropriate VEC question pool B- By Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators selecting questions from the appropriate FCC bulletin C- By Extra Class Volunteer Examiners selecting questions from the appropriate FCC bulletin D- By the FCC selecting questions from the appropriate VEC question pool 4BA-6D.1 Under what circumstances, if any, may a person be compensated for services as a VE? A- When the VE spends more than 4 hours at the test session B- When the VE loses a day's pay to administer the exam C- When the VE spends many hours preparing for the test session D- Under no circumstances 4BA-7C.8 What examination credit must be given to an applicant who holds a valid FCC commercial radiotelegraph license? A- No credit B- Credit for successful completion of element 1(B) only C- Credit for successful completion of elements 1(A), 1(B) or 1(C) D- Credit for successful completion of element 1(A) only 4BB-1D.2 Why does the received signal from a Phase III amateur satellite exhibit a fairly rapid pulsed fading effect? A- Because the satellite is rotating B- Because of ionoshperic absorption C- Because of the satellite's low orbital altitude D- Because of the Doppler effect 4BD-1B.2 What test instrument is used to display intermodulation distortion products from an SSB transmitter? A- A wattmeter B- A spectrum analyzer C- A logic analyzer D- A time-domain reflectometer 4BE-1.5 What is an optocoupler? A- A resistor and a capacitor B- A frequency modulated helium-neon laser C- An amplitude modulated helium-neon laser D- An LED and a phototransistor 4BE-2B.18 How long does it take for an initial charge of 800 V dc to decrease to 294 V dc in a 450-microfarad capacitor when a 1- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- 80 seconds B- 294 seconds C- 368 seconds D- 450 seconds 4BE-6A.4 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 0.1-microfarad capacitor in series with a 40-ohm resistor, at 50 kHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 40 + j32 B- 40 - j32 C- 32 - j40 D- 32 + j40 4BF-2.7 What is the output impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp? A- Very low B- Very high C- 100 ohms D- 1000 ohms 4BG-1C.3 What is a NAND gate? A- A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "0" B- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1" C- A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic "1" D- A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1" 4BG-4A.2 What is the limiting condition for sensitivity in a communications receiver? A- The noise floor of the receiver B- The power-supply output ripple C- The two-tone intermodulation distortion D- The input impedance to the detector 4BG-7.1 What frequency range will be tuned by the circuit in Figure 4BG-7 when L is 10 microhenrys, Cf is 156 picofarads, and Cv is 50 picofarads maximum and 2 picofarads minimum? A- 3508 through 4004 kHz B- 6998 through 7360 kHz C- 13.396 through 14.402 MHz D- 49.998 through 54.101 MHz 4BH-2F.8 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 4800-hertz frequency shift, 9600-baud ASCII emission F1D transmission? A- 15.36 kHz B- 9.6 kHz C- 4.8 kHz D- 5.76 kHz 4BI-1B.6 How much gain does an antenna have over a 1/2-wavelength dipole when it has 12 dB gain over an isotropic radiator? A- About 6.1 dB B- About 9.9 dB C- About 12.0 dB D- About 14.1 dB 4BI-4B.5 What is the beamwidth of a symmetrical pattern antenna with a gain of 12 dB as compared to an isotropic radiator? A- 34.8 degrees B- 45.0 degrees C- 58.0 degrees D- 51.0 degrees 4BA-1C.3 Under what circumstances, if any, may an amateur station communicate with a non-amateur station? A- Only during emergencies and when the Commission has authorized the non-amateur station to communicate with amateur stations B- Under no circumstances C- Only when the state governor has authorized that station to communicate with amateurs D- Only during Public Service events in connection with REACT groups 4BA-4E-4.2 When must the licensee of a station in space operation give the FCC written in-space notification? A- No later than 24 hours following initiation of space operation B- No later than 72 hours following initiation of space operation C- No later than 7 days following initiation of space operation D- No later than 30 days following initiation of space operation 4BA-6B.1 What are the requirements for a Volunteer Examiner administering an examination for a Technician class operator license? A- The Volunteer Examiner must be a Novice class licensee accredited by a Volunteer-Examiner Coordinator B- The Volunteer Examiner must be an Advanced or Extra class licensee accredited by a Volunteer-Examiner Coordinator C- The Volunteer Examiner must be an Extra Class licensee accredited by a Volunteer-Examiner Coordinator D- The Volunteer Examiner must be a General class licensee accredited by a Volunteer-Examiner Coordinator 4BA-7B.4 What examination elements are required for a Technician class operator license? A- 1(A) and 2B B- 1(A) and 3(A) C- 1(A), 2 and 3(A) D- 2 and 3(A) 4BB-1A.3 What is the period of an amateur satellite? A- An orbital arc that extends from 60 degrees west longitude to 145 degrees west longitude B- The point on an orbit where satellite height is minimum C- The amount of time it takes for a satellite to complete one orbit D- The time it takes a satellite to travel from perigee to apogee 4BC-3.2 What is the maximum range for signals using transequatorial propagation? A- About 1,000 miles B- About 2,500 miles C- About 5,000 miles D- About 7,500 miles 4BD-4.7 What is a loop antenna? A- A circularly polarized antenna B- A coil of wire used as an antenna in FM broadcast receivers C- A wire loop used in radio direction finding D- An antenna coupled to the feed line through an inductive loop of wire 4BE-2B.10 What is the time constant of a circuit having a 470-microfarad capacitor and a 1-megohm resistor in parallel? A- 0.47 seconds B- 47 seconds C- 220 seconds D- 470 seconds 4BE-5.1 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 100-ohm-reactance inductor in series with a 100-ohm resistor? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 121 ohms, /_35_degrees__ B- 141 ohms, /_45_degrees__ C- 161 ohms, /_55_degrees__ D- 181 ohms, /_65_degrees__ 4BF-1F.1 What is the schematic symbol for a P-channel junction FET? 4BG-1A.4 How many output changes are obtained for every two trigger pulses applied to the input of a bistable T flip-flop circuit? A- No output level changes B- One output level change C- Two output level changes D- Four output level changes 4BG-3A.1 What are the advantages of using an op-amp instead of LC elements in an audio filter? A- Op-amps are more rugged and can withstand more abuse than can LC elements B- Op-amps are fixed at one frequency C- Op-amps are available in more styles and types than are LC elements D- Op-amps exhibit gain rather than insertion loss 4BG-5B.1 What is a noninverting op-amp circuit? A- An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are l80 degrees out of phase B- An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signal are in phase C- An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output are 90 degrees out of phase D- An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held at zero while the output impedance is high 4BH-2E.4 What is the primary advantage of AMTOR over Baudot RTTY? A- AMTOR characters contain fewer information bits than Baudot characters B- AMTOR includes an error detection system C- Surplus radioteletype machines that use the AMTOR code are readily available D- Photographs can be transmitted using AMTOR 4BH-6A.2 What is the relationship between the peak-to-peak voltage and the peak voltage amplitude in a symmetrical wave form? A- 1:1 B- 2:1 C- 3:1 D- 4:1 4BI-4A.1 What factors determine the receiving antenna gain required at an amateur station in earth operation? A- Height, transmitter power and antennas of satellite B- Length of transmission line and impedance match between receiver and transmission line C- Preamplifier location on transmission line and presence or absence of RF amplifier stages D- Height of earth antenna and satellite orbit 4BA-1A.4 What exclusive frequency privileges in the 20-meter band are authorized to Amateur Extra control operators? A- 14.100-14.175 MHz and 14.150-14.175 MHz B- 14.000-14.125 MHz and 14.250-14.300 MHz C- 14.025-14.050 MHz and 14.100-14.150 MHz D- 14.000-14.025 MHz and 14.150-14.175 MHz 4BA-4A.1 What are the purposes of the Amateur Satellite Service? A- It is a radionavigation service using stations on earth satellites for the same purposes as those of the Amateur Radio Service B- It is a radiocommunication service using stations on earth satellites for weather information C- It is a radiocommunication service using stations on earth satellites for the same purpose as those of the Amateur Radio Service D- It is a radiolocation service using stations on earth satellites for Amateur Radio operators engaged in satellite radar experimentation 4BA-5G.1 Who may reimburse VEs and VECs for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in preparing, processing or administering examinations? A- Examinees B- FCC C- ARRL D- FCC and Examiners 4BA-7A-2.2 Who must prepare Examination Element 1(C)? A- The FCC B- The Field Operations Bureau C- Advanced class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators D- Extra class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators 4BA-7E.5 Within what time limit after administering an exam must the examiners submit the applications and test papers from successful candidates to the VEC? A- Within 10 days B- Within 15 days C- Within 30 days D- Within 90 days 4BC-1.1 What is the maximum separation between two stations communicating by moonbounce? A- 500 miles maximum, if the moon is at perigee B- 2,000 miles maximum, if the moon is at apogee C- 5,000 miles maximum, if the moon is at perigee D- Any distance as long as the stations have a mutual lunar window 4BD-3C.1 What is a major cause of atmospheric static? A- Sunspots B- Thunderstorms C- Airplanes D- Meteor showers 4BE-2B.2 After two time constants, the capacitor in an RC circuit is discharged to what percentage of the starting voltage? A- 86.5% B- 63.2% C- 36.8% D- 13.5% 4BE-3.7 What are the curved lines on a Smith Chart? A- Portions of current circles B- Portions of voltage circles C- Portions of resistance circles D- Portions of reactance circles 4BF-1C.3 What is the schematic symbol for an N-channel dual-gate MOSFET? 4BF-5.2 What is one major advantage of CMOS over other devices? A- Small size B- Low current consumption C- Low cost D- Ease of circuit design 4BG-1D.4 In a negative-logic circuit, what level is used to represent a logic 1? A- A low level B- A positive-transition level C- A negative-transition level D- A high level 4BG-4B.10 How can selectivity be achieved in the IF circuitry of a communications receiver? A- Incorporate a means of varying the supply voltage to the local oscillator circuitry B- Replace the standard JFET mixer with a bipolar transistor followed by a capacitor of the proper value C- Remove AGC action from the IF stage and confine it to the audio stage only D- Incorporate a high-Q filter 4BH-2B.2 The International Organization for Standardization has developed a seven-level reference model for a packet-radio communications structure. What level is responsible for the actual transmission of data and handshaking signals? A- The physical layer B- The transport layer C- The communications layer D- The synchronization layer 4BH-3.4 What is the approximate frequency of the pilot tone in an amplitude compandored single sideband system? A- 1 kHz B- 5 MHz C- 455 kHz D- 3 kHz 4BI-2A.9 What is the radiation pattern for two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/4 wavelength apart and fed in phase? A- Substantially unidirectional B- Elliptical C- Cardioid unidirectional D- Figure-8 end-fire in line with the antennas 4BI-6B.2 What kind of impedance does a 1/4-wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is open at the far end? A- A very high impedance B- A very low impedance C- The same as the characteristic impedance of the line D- The same as the input impedance to the final generator stage 4BA-3C.1 With what other organization must an Amateur Radio station be registered before RACES registration is permitted? A- The Amateur Radio Emergency Service B- The US Department of Defense C- A civil defense organization D- The Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC Field Operations Bureau 4BA-5C.6 How is an Element 4(B) examination prepared? A- By Extra Class Volunteer Examiners or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators selecting questions from the appropriate VEC question pool B- By Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators selecting questions from the appropriate FCC bulletin C- By Extra Class Volunteer Examiners selecting questions from the appropriate FCC bulletin D- By the FCC selecting questions from the appropriate VEC question pool 4BA-7A-1.2 What is an Element 1(B) examination intended to prove? A- The applicant's knowledge of Novice class theory and regulations B- The applicant's knowledge of General class theory and regulations C- The applicant's ability to send and receive Morse code at 5 WPM D- The applicant's ability to send and receive Morse code at 13 WPM 4BA-7D.2 Where must the examiners be and what must they be doing during an examination? A- The examiners must be present and observing the candidate(s) throughout the entire examination B- The examiners must be absent to allow the candidate(s) to complete the entire examination in accordance with the traditional honor system C- The examiners must be present to observe the candidate(s) throughout the administration of telegraphy examination elements only D- The examiners must be present to observe the candidate(s) throughout the administration of written examination elements only 4BB-2A.2 How many horizontal lines make up a fast-scan television frame? A- 30 B- 60 C- 525 D- 1050 4BD-2A.3 What is a logic probe used to indicate? A- A short-circuit fault in a digital-logic circuit B- An open-circuit failure in a digital-logic circuit C- A high-impedance ground loop D- High and low logic states in a digital-logic circuit 4BE-1.8 What does the photoconductive effect in crystalline solids produce a noticeable change in? A- The capacitance of the solid B- The inductance of the solid C- The specific gravity of the solid D- The resistance of the solid 4BE-2B.21 How long does it take for an initial charge of 800 V dc to decrease to 40.2 V dc in a 450-microfarad capacitor when a 1- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- Approximately 225 seconds B- Approximately 450 seconds C- Approximately 900 seconds D- Approximately 1350 seconds 4BE-6B.2 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 100-ohm-reactance capacitor in parallel with a 100-ohm resistor? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 31 ohms, /_-15_degrees__ B- 51 ohms, /_-25_degrees__ C- 71 ohms, /_-45_degrees__ D- 91 ohms, /_-65_degrees__ 4BF-3.3 A circuit compares the output from a voltage-controlled oscillator and a frequency standard. The difference between the two frequencies produces an error voltage that changes the voltage-controlled oscillator frequency. What is the name of the circuit? A- A doubly balanced mixer B- A phase-locked loop C- A differential voltage amplifier D- A variable frequency oscillator 4BG-1C.6 What is the schematic symbol for an OR gate? 4BG-4B.2 A receiver selectivity of 2.4 kHz in the IF circuitry is optimum for what type of amateur signals? A- CW B- SSB voice C- Double-sideband AM voice D- FSK RTTY 4BG-8.2 What is the purpose of a coupling capacitor? A- It blocks direct current and passes alternating current B- It blocks alternating current and passes direct current C- It increases the resonant frequency of the circuit D- It decreases the resonant frequency of the circuit 4BH-2F.11 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 5-WPM international Morse code emission J2A transmission? A- Approximately 5 Hz B- Approximately 10 Hz C- Approximately 20 Hz D- Approximately 40 Hz 4BI-2A.1 What is the radiation pattern of two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/2 wavelength apart and fed 180 degrees out of phase? A- Unidirectional cardioid B- Omnidirectional C- Figure-8 broadside to the antennas D- Figure-8 end-fire in line with the antennas 4BI-5.1 What term describes a method used to match a high-impedance transmission line to a lower impedance antenna by connecting the line to the driven element in two places, spaced a fraction of a wavelength on each side of the driven element center? A- The gamma matching system B- The delta matching system C- The omega matching system D- The stub matching system 4BA-1E.2 What types of licenses or permits are required before an amateur operator may transmit from a vessel registered in the US? A- No amateur license is required outside of international waters B- Any Amateur Radio license or Reciprocal Operating Permit issued by the FCC C- Only amateurs holding General class or higher licenses may transmit from a vessel registered in the US C- Only amateur licensees General class or above may transmit on a vessel registered in the US D- Only an Amateur Extra class licensee may operate aboard a vessel registered in the US 4BA-4F-2.1 Which amateur stations are eligible for earth operation? A- Any Amateur Radio station B- Amateur Extra class licensees only C- Any licensee except Novice D- A special license issued by the FCC is required before any Amateur Radio station is placed in earth operation 4BA-6B.4 What are the requirements for a Volunteer Examiner administering an examination for an Amateur Extra class operator license? A- The examiner must hold an Advanced class license and be accredited by a VEC B- The examiner must hold an Extra Class license and be accredited by a VEC C- The examiner must hold a General class license and be accredited by a VEC D- The examiner must hold an Extra class license to administer the written test element, but an Advanced class examiner may administer the CW test element 4BA-7C.3 What examination credit must be given to an applicant who holds a valid Technician class operator license issued before March 21, 1987? A- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A), 2 and 3(B) B- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A), 2, 3(A) and 3(B) C- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B), 2, 3(A) and 4(A) D- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B), 3(A) and 3(B) 4BB-1B.3 What is Mode J in an amateur satellite? A- Operation through a 70-centimeter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 2 meters B- Operation through a 2-meter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 70 centimeters C- Operation through a 2-meter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 10 meters D- Operation through a 70-centimeter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 10 meters 4BC-5.1 What is the name for a type of propagation in which radio signals travel along the terminator, which separates daylight from darkness? A- Transequatorial propagation B- Sporadic-E propagation C- Long-path propagation D- Gray-line propagation 4BD-4.10 What type of terrain can cause errors in direction finding? A- Homogeneous terrain B- Smooth grassy terrain C- Varied terrain D- Terrain with no buildings or mountains 4BE-2B.13 How long does it take for an initial charge of 20 V dc to decrease to 7.36 V dc in a 0.01-microfarad capacitor when a 2- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- 12.64 seconds B- 0.02 seconds C- 1 second D- 7.98 seconds 4BE-5.4 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 300-ohm-reactance capacitor, a 600-ohm-reactance inductor, and a 400-ohm resistor, all connected in series? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 500 ohms, /_37_degrees__ B- 400 ohms, /_27_degrees__ C- 300 ohms, /_17_degrees__ D- 200 ohms, /_10_degrees__ 4BF-2.2 What is the schematic symbol for an operational amplifier? 4BG-1A.7 How many flip-flops are required to divide a signal frequency by 4? A- 1 B- 2 C- 4 D- 8 4BG-3B.1 What type of capacitors should be used in an op-amp RC active filter circuit? A- Electrolytic B- Disc ceramic C- Polystyrene D- Paper dielectric 4BG-5C.3 What voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure 4BG-5 when R1 is 3300 ohms and Rf is 47 kilohms? A- 28 B- 14 C- 7 D- 0.07 4BH-2F.3 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 170-Hertz shift, 74-baud Baudot emission F1B transmission? A- 250 Hz B- 278 Hz C- 442 Hz D- 600 Hz 4BI-1B.1 When is it useful to refer to an isotropic radiator? A- When comparing the gains of directional antennas B- When testing a transmission line for standing wave ratio C- When (in the northern hemisphere) directing the transmission in a southerly direction D- When using a dummy load to tune a transmitter 4BI-4A.4 How does the gain of a parabolic dish type antenna change when the operating frequency is doubled? A- Gain does not change B- Gain is multiplied by 0.707 C- Gain increases 6 dB D- Gain increases 3 dB 4BA-1B.2 How much must the mean power of any spurious emission or radiation from an amateur transmitter be attenuated when the carrier frequency is below 30 MHz and the mean transmitted power is equal to or greater than 5 watts? A- At least 30 dB below the mean power of the fundamental, and less than 25 mW B- At least 40 dB below the mean power of the fundamental, and less than 50 mW C- At least 30 dB below the mean power of the fundamental, and less than 50 mW D- At least 40 dB below the mean power of the fundamental, and less than 25 mW 4BA-4C-2.1 Which amateur stations are eligible for telecommand operation? A- Any Amateur Radio licensee except Novice B- Amateur Extra class licensees only C- Telecommand operation is not permitted in the amateur satellite service D- Any Amateur Radio station designated by the space station licensee 4BA-5G.4 For what period of time must a VE maintain records of out-of-pocket expenses and reimbursements for each examination session for which reimbursement is accepted? A- 1 year B- 2 years C- 3 years D- 4 years 4BA-7A-2.5 Who must prepare Examination Element 4(A)? A- Advanced or Extra class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators B- The FCC C- The Field Operations Bureau D- Extra class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators 4BA-7F.2 What is a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination? A- A document printed by the FCC B- A document required for already licensed applicants operating with privileges of an amateur operator class higher than that of their permanent amateur operator licenses C- A document a candidate may use for an indefinite period of time to receive credit for successful completion of any written element D- A permanent Amateur Radio station and operator license certificate issued to a newly-upgraded licensee by the FCC within 90 days of the completion of the examination 4BC-1.4 What type of receiving system is required for EME communications? A- Equipment capable of reception on 14 MHz B- Equipment with very low dynamic range C- Equipment with very low gain D- Equipment with very low noise figures 4BD-4.2 What directional pattern is desirable for a direction-finding antenna? A- A non-cardioid pattern B- Good front-to-back and front-to-side ratios C- Good top-to-bottom and front-to-side ratios D- Shallow nulls 4BE-2B.5 What is the time constant of a circuit having two 100-microfarad capacitors and two 470-kilohm resistors all in series? A- 470 seconds B- 47 seconds C- 4.7 seconds D- 0.47 seconds 4BE-4.1 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 0.1- microhenry inductor in series with a 20-ohm resistor, at 30 MHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 20 + j19 B- 20 - j19 C- 19 + j20 D- 19 - j20 4BF-1D.1 What do the initials CMOS stand for? A- Common mode oscillating system B- Complementary mica-oxide silicon C- Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor D- Complementary metal-oxide substrate 4BF-6.2 How is the electron beam deflected in a vidicon? A- By varying the beam voltage B- By varying the bias voltage on the beam forming grids inside the tube C- By varying the beam current D- By varying electromagnetic fields 4BG-2A.2 What additional circuitry is required in a 100-kHz crystal-controlled marker generator to provide markers at 50 and 25 kHz? A- An emitter-follower B- Two frequency multipliers C- Two flip-flops D- A voltage divider 4BG-4C.3 What type of problems are caused by poor dynamic range in a communications receiver? A- Cross-modulation of the desired signal and desensitization from strong adjacent signals B- Oscillator instability requiring frequent retuning, and loss of ability to recover the opposite sideband, should it be transmitted C- Cross-modulation of the desired signal and insufficient audio power to operate the speaker D- Oscillator instability and severe audio distortion of all but the strongest received signals 4BH-2D.1 What type of error control system does Mode A AMTOR use? A- Each character is sent twice B- The receiving station checks the calculated frame check sequence (FCS) against the transmitted FCS C- Mode A AMTOR does not include an error control system D- The receiving station automatically requests repeats when needed 4BH-4.2 What is the term used to describe a spread spectrum communications system where the center frequency of a conventional carrier is altered many times per second in accordance with a pseudo-random list of channels? A- Frequency hopping B- Direct sequence C- Time-domain frequency modulation D- Frequency compandored spread spectrum antenna 4BI-3B.2 What are the advantages of a nonresonant rhombic antenna? A- Wide frequency range, high gain and high front-to-back ratio B- High front-to-back ratio, compact size and high gain C- Unidirectional radiation pattern, high gain and compact size D- Bidirectional radiation pattern, high gain and wide frequency range 4BI-6D.1 What kind of impedance does a 1/2-wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is shorted at the far end? A- A very high impedance B- A very low impedance C- The same as the characteristic impedance of the line D- The same as the output impedance of the generator 4BA-3F.1 What frequencies are normally available for RACES operation? A- Only those frequencies authorized by the ARRL Section Emergency Coordinator B- Only those frequencies listed in Section 97.8 C- Only transmitting frequencies in the top 25 kHz of each Amateur band D- All frequencies available to the Amateur Radio Service 4BA-5E.2 Under what circumstances, if any, may a VEC refuse to accredit a person as a VE on the basis of lack of membership in an Amateur Radio organization? A- Under no circumstances B- Only when the prospective VE is not an ARRL member C- Only when the club is at least regional in scope D- Only when the prospective VE is a not a member of the local Amateur Radio club giving the examinations 4BA-7A-1.5 What is Examination Element 3(A)? A- The 5-WPM amateur Morse code examination B- The 13-WPM amateur Morse code examination C- The written examination for the Technician class operator license D- The written examination for the General class operator license 4BA-7D.5 What must the candidate do at the completion of the examination? A- Complete a brief written evaluation of the examination session B- Return all test papers to the examiners C- Return all test papers to the examiners and wait for them to be graded before leaving the examination site D- Pay the registration fee 4BB-2A.5 What is the standard video voltage level between the sync tip and the whitest white at TV camera outputs and modulator inputs? A- 1 volt peak-to-peak B- 120 IEEE units C- 12 volts dc D- 5 volts RMS 4BD-3A.2 What is the proper procedure for suppressing electrical noise in a mobile station? A- Apply shielding and filtering where necessary B- Insulate all plane sheet metal surfaces from each other C- Apply antistatic spray liberally to all non-metallic surfaces D- Install filter capacitors in series with all dc wiring 4BE-2A.3 What is the term for the time required for the capacitor in an RC circuit to be charged to 63.2% of the supply voltage? A- An exponential rate of one B- One time constant C- One exponential period D- A time factor of one 4BE-3.2 What type of coordinate system is used in a Smith Chart? A- Voltage and current circles B- Resistance and reactance circles C- Voltage and current lines D- Resistance and reactance lines 4BE-6B.5 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 300-ohm-reactance capacitor in series with a 400-ohm resistor? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 200 ohms, /_-10_degrees__ B- 300 ohms, /_-17_degrees__ C- 400 ohms, /_-27_degrees__ D- 500 ohms, /_-37_degrees__ 4BF-4.3 What logic state do the inputs of a TTL device assume if they are left open? A- A high logic state B- A low logic state C- The device becomes randomized and will not provide consistent high or low logic states D- Open inputs on a TTL device are ignored 4BG-1C.9 What is a NOT gate? A- A circuit that produces a logic "O" at its output when the input is logic "1" and vice versa B- A circuit that does not allow data transmission when its input is high C- A circuit that allows data transmission only when its input is high D- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when the input is logic "1" and vice versa 4BG-4B.5 A receiver selectivity of 10 kHz in the IF circuitry is optimum for what type of amateur signals? A- SSB voice B- Double-sideband AM C- CW D- FSK RTTY 4BH-1B.1 In a pulse-position modulation system, what parameter does the modulating signal vary? A- The number of pulses per second B- Both the frequency and amplitude of the pulses C- The duration of the pulses D- The time at which each pulse occurs 4BH-2F.14 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 170-Hertz shift, 300-baud ASCII emission F1D transmission? A- 0 Hz B- 0.3 kHz C- 0.5 kHz D- 1.0 kHz 4BI-2A.4 How far apart should two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas be spaced in order to produce a figure-8 pattern that is broadside to the plane of the verticals when fed in phase? A- 1/8 wavelength B- 1/4 wavelength C- 1/2 wavelength D- 1 wavelength 4BI-5.4 What should be the approximate capacitance of the resonating capacitor in a gamma matching circuit on a 1/2-wavelength dipole antenna for the 20-meter band? A- 70 pF B- 140 pF C- 200 pF D- 0.2 pF 4BA-2B.2 Under what circumstances, if any, is a US citizen holding a foreign Amateur Radio license eligible to obtain an FCC Reciprocal Operating Permit? A- A US Citizen is not eligible to obtain a Reciprocal Operating Permit for use in the United States B- Only if the applicant brings his or her equipment from the foreign country C- Only if that person is unable to qualify for a United States amateur license D- If the applicant does not hold an FCC license as of the date of application, but had held a US amateur license other than Novice class less than 10 years before the date of application 4BA-5C.1 What are the functions of a VEC? A- Accredit Volunteer Examiners; collect candidates' application forms, answer sheets and test results and forward the applications to the FCC; maintain pools of questions for Amateur Radio examinations; and perform other clerical tasks in accordance with FCC rules B- Assemble, print and sell FCC-approved examination forms; accredit Volunteer Examiners; collect candidates' answer sheets and forward them to the FCC; screen applications for completeness and authenticity; and perform other clerical tasks in accordance with FCC rules C- Accredit Volunteer Examiners; certify that examiners' equipment is type-accepted by the FCC; assemble, print and distribute FCC-approved examination forms; and perform other clerical tasks in accordance with FCC Rules D- Maintain pools of questions for Amateur Radio examinations; administer code and theory examinations; score and forward the test papers to the FCC so that the appropriate license may be issued to each successful candidate 4BA-6C.2 What are the requirements for VE accreditation? A- Hold an Advanced class license or higher; be at least 18 years old; not have any conflict of interest; and never had his or her amateur license suspended or revoked B- Hold an Advanced class license or higher; be at least 16 years old; and not have any conflict of interest C- Hold an Extra Class license or higher; be at least 18 years old; and be a member of ARRL D- There are no requirements for accreditation, other than holding a General or higher class license 4BA-7C.6 What examination credit, if any, may be given to an applicant who holds a valid amateur operator license issued by another country? A- Credit for successful completion of any elements that may be identical to those required for U.S. licensees B- No credit C- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A), 1(B) and 1(C) D- Credit for successful completion of Elements 2, 3(A), 3(B), 4(A) and 4(B) 4BB-1C.2 What are the two basic types of linear transponders used in amateur satellites? A- Inverting and non-inverting B- Geostationary and elliptical C- Phase 2 and Phase 3 D- Amplitude modulated and frequency modulated 4BD-1A.3 What does the vertical axis of a spectrum analyzer display? A- Amplitude B- Duration C- Frequency D- Time 4BE-1.3 What happens to the resistance of a photoconductive material when light shines on it? A- It increases B- It becomes temperature dependent C- It stays the same D- It decreases 4BE-2B.16 How long does it take for an initial charge of 20 V dc to decrease to 0.37 V dc in a 0.01-microfarad capacitor when a 2- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- 0.08 seconds B- 0.6 seconds C- 0.4 seconds D- 0.2 seconds 4BE-6A.2 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 10- millihenry inductor in series with a 600-ohm resistor, at 10 kHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 628 + j600 B- 628 - j600 C- 600 + j628 D- 600 - j628 4BF-2.5 What is meant by the term op-amp offset voltage? A- The output voltage of the op-amp minus its input voltage B- The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input voltage required in the following stage C- The potential between the amplifier-input terminals of the op-amp in a closed-loop condition D- The potential between the amplifier-input terminals of the op-amp in an open-loop condition 4BG-1C.1 What is an AND gate? A- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if all inputs are logic "1" B- A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only if all inputs are logic "1" C- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if only one input is a logic "1" D- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if all inputs are logic "0" 4BG-3B.4 What parameter must be selected when designing an audio filter using an op-amp? A- Bandpass characteristics B- Desired current gain C- Temperature coefficient D- Output-offset overshoot 4BG-6.1 What determines the input impedance in a FET common-source amplifier? A- The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the drain and substrate B- The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and drain C- The input impedance is essentially determined by the gate biasing network D- The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and substrate 4BH-2F.6 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 13-WPM international Morse code emission J2A transmission? A- Approximately 13 Hz B- Approximately 26 Hz C- Approximately 52 Hz D- Approximately 104 Hz 4BI-1B.4 How much gain does a 1/2-wavelength dipole have over an isotropic radiator? A- About 1.5 dB B- About 2.1 dB C- About 3.0 dB D- About 6.0 dB 4BI-4B.3 What is the beamwidth of a symmetrical pattern antenna with a gain of 30 dB as compared to an isotropic radiator? A- 3.2 degrees B- 6.4 degrees C- 37 degrees D- 60.4 degrees 4BA-1C.1 What are the points of communication for an amateur station? A- Other amateur stations only B- Other amateur stations and other stations authorized by the FCC to communicate with amateurs C- Other amateur stations and stations in the Personal Radio Service D- Other amateur stations and stations in the Aviation or Private Land Mobile Radio Services 4BA-4E-2.1 Which amateur stations are eligible for space operation? A- Any licensee except Novice B- General, Advanced and Extra class licensees only C- Advanced and Extra class licensees only D- Amateur Extra class licensees only 4BA-6A.1 What is an accredited Volunteer Examiner? A- A General class radio amateur who is accredited by a VEC to administer examinations to applicants for Amateur Radio licenses B- An Amateur Radio operator who is accredited by a VEC to administer examinations to applicants for Amateur Radio licenses C- An Amateur Radio operator who administers examinations to applicants for Amateur Radio licenses for a fee D- An FCC staff member who tests volunteers who want to administer Amateur Radio examinations 4BA-7B.2 What examination elements are required for an Advanced class operator license? A- 1(A), 2, 3(A), 3(B) and 4(A) B- 1(B), 3(A) and 3(B) C- 1(B) and 4(A) D- 1(B), 2, 3(A), 3(B) and 4(A) 4BB-1A.1 What is an ascending pass for an amateur satellite? A- A pass from west to east B- A pass from east to west C- A pass from south to north D- A pass from north to south 4BC-2.2 Which range of frequencies is well suited for meteor-scatter communications? A- 1.8 - 1.9 MHz B- 10 - 14 MHz C- 28 - 148 MHz D- 220 - 450 MHz 4BD-4.5 What is a sense antenna? A- A vertical antenna added to a loop antenna to produce a cardioid reception pattern B- A horizontal antenna added to a loop antenna to produce a cardioid reception pattern C- A vertical antenna added to an Adcock antenna to produce an omnidirectional reception pattern D- A horizontal antenna added to an Adcock antenna to produce a cardioid reception pattern 4BE-2B.8 What is the time constant of a circuit having two 220-microfarad capacitors and two 1-megohm resistors all in parallel? A- 22 seconds B- 44 seconds C- 220 seconds D- 440 seconds 4BE-4.4 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 100-picofarad capacitor in parallel with a 4000-ohm resistor, at 500 kHz? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 2490 ohms, /_51.5_degrees__ B- 4000 ohms, /_38.5_degrees__ C- 5112 ohms, /_-38.5_degrees__ D- 2490 ohms, /_-51.5_degrees__ 4BF-1E.2 How does the input impedance of a field-effect transistor compare with that of a bipolar transistor? A- One cannot compare input impedance without first knowing the supply voltage B- An FET has low input impedance; a bipolar transistor has high input impedance C- The input impedance of FETs and bipolar transistors is the same D- An FET has high input impedance; a bipolar transistor has low input impedance 4BG-1A.2 How many bits of information can be stored in a single flip-flop circuit? A- 1 B- 2 C- 3 D- 4 4BG-2B.3 How many states does a decade counter digital IC have? A- 6 B- 10 C- 15 D- 20 4BG-4D.2 Which stage of a receiver primarily establishes its noise figure? A- The audio stage B- The IF strip C- The RF stage D- The local oscillator 4BH-2E.2 What is the duration of a 45-baud Baudot RTTY start pulse? A- 11 milliseconds B- 22 milliseconds C- 31 milliseconds D- 40 milliseconds 4BH-5.2 What is the term for the amplitude of the maximum negative excursion of a signal as viewed on an oscilloscope? A- Peak-to-peak voltage B- Inverse peak positive voltage C- RMS voltage D- Peak negative voltage 4BI-3C.1 What is the effect of a terminating resistor on a rhombic antenna? A- It reflects the standing waves on the antenna elements back to the transmitter B- It changes the radiation pattern from essentially bidirectional to essentially unidirectional C- It changes the radiation pattern from horizontal to vertical polarization D- It decreases the ground loss 4BA-1A.2 What exclusive frequency privileges in the 75-meter band are authorized to Amateur Extra control operators? A- 3750-3775 kHz B- 3800-3850 kHz C- 3775-3800 kHz D- 3800-3825 kHz 4BA-3H.2 What are the points of communications for amateur stations operated in RACES and certified by the responsible civil defense organization as registered with that organization? A- Any RACES, civil defense, or Disaster Communications Service station B- Any RACES stations and any FCC licensed amateur stations except stations licensed to Novices C- Any FCC licensed amateur station or a station in the Disaster Communications Service D- Any FCC licensed amateur station except stations licensed to Novices 4BA-5F.3 Under what circumstances, if any, may a person who owns a significant interest in a company that is engaged in the preparation of publications used in preparation for obtaining an amateur operator license be a VE? A- Under no circumstances B- Only if the organization's amateur related sales are very small C- Only if the organization is publishing very specialized material D- Only if the person is an Extra Class licensee 4BA-7A-1.8 What is Examination Element 4(B)? A- The written examination for the Technician class operator license B- The 20-WPM amateur Morse code examination C- The written examination for the Advanced class operator license D- The written examination for the Amateur Extra class operator license 4BA-7E.3 How do the examiners inform a candidate who does not score a passing grade? A- Give the percentage of the questions answered correctly and return the application to the candidate B- Give the percentage of the questions answered incorrectly and return the application to the candidate C- Tell the candidate that he or she failed and return the application to the candidate D- Show how the incorrect answers should have been answered and give a copy of the corrected answer sheet to the candidate 4BB-2A.8 What is the standard video level, in percent PEV, for white? A- 0% B- 12.5% C- 70% D- 100% 4BD-3B.1 How can alternator whine be minimized? A- By connecting the radio's power leads to the battery by the longest possible path B- By connecting the radio's power leads to the battery by the shortest possible path C- By installing a high pass filter in series with the radio's dc power lead to the vehicle's electrical system D- By installing filter capacitors in series with the dc power lead 4BE-2A.6 What is meant by back EMF? A- A current equal to the applied EMF B- An opposing EMF equal to R times C (RC) percent of the applied EMF C- A current that opposes the applied EMF D- A voltage that opposes the applied EMF 4BE-3.5 What is the only straight line on a blank Smith Chart? A- The reactance axis B- The resistance axis C- The voltage axis D- The current axis 4BF-1C.1 What is the schematic symbol for an N-channel MOSFET? 4BF-4.6 Why do circuits containing TTL devices have several bypass capacitors per printed circuit board? A- To prevent RFI to receivers B- To keep the switching noise within the circuit, thus eliminating RFI C- To filter out switching harmonics D- To prevent switching transients from appearing on the supply line 4BG-1D.2 In a positive-logic circuit, what level is used to represent a logic 1? A- A low level B- A positive-transition level C- A negative-transition level D- A high level 4BG-4B.8 How should the filter bandwidth of a receiver IF section compare with the bandwidth of a received signal? A- Filter bandwidth should be slightly greater than the received-signal bandwidth B- Filter bandwidth should be approximately half the received-signal bandwidth C- Filter bandwidth should be approximately two times the received-signal bandwidth D- Filter bandwidth should be approximately four times the received-signal bandwidth 4BH-2A.1 What digital code consists of elements having unequal length? A- ASCII B- AX.25 C- Baudot D- Morse code 4BH-3.2 What is meant by compandoring? A- Compressing speech at the transmitter and expanding it at the receiver B- Using an audio-frequency signal to produce pulse-length modulation C- Combining amplitude and frequency modulation to produce a single-sideband signal D- Detecting and demodulating a single-sideband signal by converting it to a pulse-modulated signal 4BI-2A.7 What is the radiation pattern for two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/8 wavelength apart and fed 180 degrees out of phase? A- Omnidirectional B- Cardioid unidirectional C- Figure-8 broadside to the antennas D- Figure-8 end-fire in line with the antennas 4BI-6A.2 What kind of impedance does a 1/8-wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is open at the far end? A- The same as the characteristic impedance of the line B- An inductive reactance C- A capacitive reactance D- The same as the input impedance of the final generator stage 4BA-3A.1 What is RACES? A- An Amateur Radio network for providing emergency communications during long-distance athletic contests B- The Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service C- The Radio Amateur Corps for Engineering Services D- An Amateur Radio network providing emergency communications for transoceanic boat or aircraft races 4BA-5C.4 How is an Element 3(B) examination prepared? A- By Extra Class Volunteer Examiners or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators selecting questions from the appropriate VEC question pool B- By Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators selecting questions from the appropriate FCC bulletin C- By Extra Class Volunteer Examiners selecting questions from the appropriate FCC bulletin D- By the FCC selecting questions from the appropriate VEC question pool 4BA-6D.2 How much money, if any, may a person accept for services as a VE? A- None B- Up to a half day's pay if the VE spends more than 4 hours at the test session C- Up to a full day's pay if the VE spends more than 4 hours preparing for the test session D- Up to $50 if the VE spends more than 4 hours at the test session 4BA-7C.9 What examination credit must be given to the holder of a valid Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination? A- Credit for previously completed written examination elements only B- Credit for the code speed associated with the previously completed telegraphy examination elements only C- Credit for previously completed written and telegraphy examination elements only D- Credit for previously completed commercial examination elements only 4BB-1D.3 What type of antenna can be used to minimize the effects of spin modulation and Faraday rotation? A- A nonpolarized antenna B- A circularly polarized antenna C- An isotropic antenna D- A log-periodic dipole array 4BD-2A.1 What advantage does a logic probe have over a voltmeter for monitoring logic states in a circuit? A- A logic probe has fewer leads to connect to a circuit than a voltmeter B- A logic probe can be used to test analog and digital circuits C- A logic probe can be powered by commercial ac lines D- A logic probe is smaller and shows a simplified readout 4BE-1.6 What is an optoisolator? A- An LED and a phototransistor B- A P-N junction that develops an excess positive charge when exposed to light C- An LED and a capacitor D- An LED and a solar cell 4BE-2B.19 How long does it take for an initial charge of 800 V dc to decrease to 108 V dc in a 450-microfarad capacitor when a 1- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- 225 seconds B- 294 seconds C- 450 seconds D- 900 seconds 4BE-6A.5 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 1.0-microfarad capacitor in parallel with a 30-ohm resistor, at 5 MHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 0.000034 + j.032 B- 0.032 + j.000034 C- 0.000034 - j.032 D- 0.032 - j.000034 4BF-3.1 What is a phase-locked loop circuit? A- An electronic servo loop consisting of a ratio detector, reactance modulator, and voltage-controlled oscillator B- An electronic circuit also known as a monostable multivibrator C- An electronic circuit consisting of a precision push-pull amplifier with a differential input D- An electronic servo loop consisting of a phase detector, a low-pass filter and voltage-controlled oscillator 4BG-1C.4 What is the schematic symbol for a NAND gate? 4BG-4A.3 What is the theoretical minimum noise floor of a receiver with a 400-Hertz bandwidth? A- -141 dBm B- -148 dBm C- -174 dBm D- -180 dBm 4BG-7.2 What frequency range will be tuned by the circuit in Figure 4BG-7 when L is 30 microhenrys, Cf is 200 picofarads, and Cv is 80 picofarads maximum and 10 picofarads minimum? A- 1737 through 2005 kHz B- 3507 through 4004 kHz C- 7002 through 7354 kHz D- 14.990 through 15.020 MHz 4BH-2F.9 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 4800-hertz frequency shift, 9600-baud ASCII emission J2D transmission? A- 15.36 kHz B- 9.6 kHz C- 4.8 kHz D- 5.76 kHz 4BI-1C.1 What is the antenna pattern for an isotropic radiator? A- A figure-8 B- A unidirectional cardioid C- A parabola D- A sphere 4BI-4C.1 How is circular polarization produced using linearly-polarized antennas? A- Stack two Yagis, fed 90 degrees out of phase, to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes B- Stack two Yagis, fed in phase, to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes C- Arrange two Yagis perpendicular to each other, with the driven elements in the same plane, and fed 90 degrees out of phase D- Arrange two Yagis perpendicular to each other, with the driven elements in the same plane, and fed in phase 4BA-1D.1 What rules must US citizens comply with when operating an Amateur Radio station in international waters? A- The FCC rules contained in Part 15 B- The FCC rules contained in Part 97 C- The IARU rules governing international operation D- There are no rules governing Amateur Radio operation in international waters 4BA-4E-4.3 When must the licensee of a station in space operation give the FCC written post-space notification? A- No later than 48 hours after termination is complete, under normal circumstances B- No later than 72 hours after termination is complete, under normal circumstances C- No later than 7 days after termination is complete, under normal circumstances D- No later than 3 months after termination is complete, under normal circumstances 4BA-6B.2 What are the requirements for a Volunteer Examiner administering an examination for a General class operator license? A- The examiner must hold an Advanced class license and be accredited by a VEC B- The examiner must hold an Extra Class license and be accredited by a VEC C- The examiner must hold a General class license and be accredited by a VEC D- The examiner must hold an Extra class license to administer the written test element, but an Advanced class examiner may administer the CW test element 4BA-7C.1 What examination credit must be given to an applicant who holds a valid Novice class operator license? A- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A) and 2 B- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B) and 3(A) C- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B) and 2 D- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A) and 3(A) 4BB-1B.1 What is Mode A in an amateur satellite? A- Operation through a 10-meter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 2 meters B- The lowest frequency used in Phase 3 transponders C- The highest frequency used in Phase 3 translators D- Operation through a 2-meter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 10 meters 4BC-3.3 What is the best time of day for transequatorial propagation? A- Morning B- Noon C- Afternoon or early evening D- Trans-equatorial propagation only works at night 4BD-4.8 How can the output voltage of a loop antenna be increased? A- By reducing the permeability of the loop shield B- By increasing the number of wire turns in the loop while reducing the area of the loop structure C- By reducing either the number of wire turns in the loop, or the area of the loop structure D- By increasing either the number of wire turns in the loop, or the area of the loop structure 4BE-2B.11 What is the time constant of a circuit having a 470-microfarad capacitor in series with a 470-kilohm resistor? A- 221 seconds B- 221000 seconds C- 470 seconds D- 470000 seconds 4BE-5.2 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 100-ohm-reactance inductor, a 100-ohm-reactance capacitor, and a 100-ohm resistor all connected in series? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 100 ohms, /_90_degrees__ B- 10 ohms, /_0_degrees__ C- 100 ohms, /_0_degrees__ D- 10 ohms, /_100_degrees__ 4BF-1F.2 What are the two basic types of junction field-effect transistors? A- N-channel and P-channel B- High power and low power C- MOSFET and GaAsFET D- Silicon FET and germanium FET 4BG-1A.5 The frequency of an ac signal can be divided electronically by what type of digital circuit? A- A free-running multivibrator B- An OR gate C- A bistable multivibrator D- An astable multivibrator 4BG-3A.2 What determines the gain and frequency characteristics of an op-amp RC active filter? A- Values of capacitances and resistances built into the op-amp B- Values of capacitances and resistances external to the op-amp C- Voltage and frequency of dc input to the op-amp power supply D- Regulated dc voltage output from the op-amp power supply 4BG-5C.1 What voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure 4BG-5 when R1 is 1000 ohms and Rf is 100 kilohms? A- 0.01 B- 1 C- 10 D- 100 4BH-2F.1 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 170-Hertz shift, 45-baud Baudot emission F1B transmission? A- 45 Hz B- 250 Hz C- 442 Hz D- 600 Hz 4BH-6A.3 What input-amplitude parameter is valuable in evaluating the signal-handling capability of a Class A amplifier? A- Peak voltage B- Average voltage C- RMS voltage D- Resting voltage 4BI-4A.2 What factors determine the EIRP required by an amateur station in earth operation? A- Satellite antennas and height, satellite receiver sensitivity B- Path loss, earth antenna gain, signal-to-noise ratio C- Satellite transmitter power and orientation of ground receiving antenna D- Elevation of satellite above horizon, signal-to-noise ratio, satellite transmitter power 4BA-1A.5 What exclusive frequency privileges in the 15-meter band are authorized to Amateur Extra control operators? A- 21.000-21.200 MHz and 21.250-21.270 MHz B- 21.050-21.100 MHz and 21.150-21.175 MHz C- 21.000-21.025 MHz and 21.200-21.225 MHz D- 21.000-21.025 MHz and 21.250-21.275 MHz 4BA-4B.1 What are some frequencies available for space operation? A- 7.0-7.1, 14.00-14.25, 21.00-21.45, 24.890-24.990, 28.00-29.70, 144-146, 435-438 and 24,000-24,050 MHz B- 7.0-7.3, 21.00-21.45, 28.00-29.70, 144-146, 432-438 and 24,000-24,050 MHz C- All frequencies available to the Amateur Radio Service, providing license-class, power and emission-type restrictions are observed D- Only frequencies available to Amateur Extra Class licensees 4BA-5G.2 What action must a VEC take against a VE who accepts reimbursement and fails to provide the annual expense certification? A- Suspend the VE's accreditation for 1 year B- Disaccredit the VE C- Suspend the VE's accreditation and report the information to the FCC D- Suspend the VE's accreditation for 6 months 4BA-7A-2.3 Who must prepare Examination Element 3(A)? A- Advanced or Extra class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators B- The FCC C- The Field Operations Bureau D- Advanced or General class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators 4BA-7E.6 To whom do the examiners submit successful candidates' applications and test papers? A- To the candidate B- To the coordinating VEC C- To the local radio club D- To the regional Section Manager 4BC-1.2 What characterizes libration fading of an EME signal? A- A slow change in the pitch of the CW signal B- A fluttery, rapid irregular fading C- A gradual loss of signal as the sun rises D- The returning echo is several hertz lower in frequency than the transmitted signal 4BD-3D.1 How can you determine if a line-noise interference problem is being generated within your home? A- Check the power-line voltage with a time-domain reflectometer B- Observe the ac waveform on an oscilloscope C- Turn off the main circuit breaker and listen on a battery-operated radio D- Observe the power-line voltage on a spectrum analyzer 4BE-2B.3 What is the time constant of a circuit having a 100-microfarad capacitor in series with a 470-kilohm resistor? A- 4700 seconds B- 470 seconds C- 47 seconds D- 0.47 seconds 4BE-3.8 What is the third family of circles, which are added to a Smith Chart during the process of solving problems? A- Coaxial length circles B- Antenna length circles C- Standing wave ratio circles D- Radiation pattern circles 4BF-1C.4 What is the schematic symbol for a P-channel dual-gate MOSFET? 4BF-5.3 Why do CMOS digital integrated circuits have high immunity to noise on the input signal or power supply? A- Larger bypass capacitors are used in CMOS circuit design B- The input switching threshold is about two times the power supply voltage C- The input switching threshold is about one-half the power supply voltage D- Input signals are stronger 4BG-1D.5 In a negative-logic circuit, what level is used to represent a logic 0? A- A low level B- A positive-transition level C- A negative-transition level D- A high level 4BG-4C.1 What is meant by the dynamic range of a communications receiver? A- The number of kHz between the lowest and the highest frequency to which the receiver can be tuned B- The maximum possible undistorted audio output of the receiver, referenced to one milliwatt C- The ratio between the minimum discernible signal and the largest tolerable signal without causing audible distortion products D- The difference between the lowest-frequency signal and the highest-frequency signal detectable without moving the tuning knob 4BH-2B.3 The International Organization for Standardization has developed a seven-level reference model for a packet-radio communications structure. What level arranges the bits into frames and controls data flow? A- The transport layer B- The link layer C- The communications layer D- The synchronization layer 4BH-3.5 How many more voice transmissions can be packed into a given frequency band for amplitude compandored single sideband systems over conventional emission F3E systems? A- 2 B- 4 C- 8 D- 16 4BI-3A.1 What is a resonant rhombic antenna? A- A unidirectional antenna, each of whose sides is equal to half a wavelength and which is terminated in a resistance equal to its characteristic impedance B- A bidirectional antenna open at the end opposite that to which the transmission line is connected and with each side approximately equal to one wavelength C- An antenna with an LC network at each vertex (other than that to which the transmission line is connected) tuned to resonate at the operating frequency D- A high-frequency antenna, each of whose sides contains traps for changing the resonance to match the band in use 4BI-6C.1 What kind of impedance does a 3/8-wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is shorted at the far end? A- The same as the characteristic impedance of the line B- An inductive reactance C- A capacitive reactance D- The same as the input impedance to the final generator stage 4BA-3D.1 Who may be the control operator of a RACES station? A- Anyone who holds a valid FCC amateur operator's license other than Novice B- Only an Amateur Extra class licensee C- Anyone who holds an FCC Amateur Radio license other than Novice and is certified by a civil defense organization D- Anyone who holds an FCC Amateur Radio license and is certified by a civil defense organization 4BA-5D.1 What organization coordinates the dates and times for scheduling Amateur Radio examinations? A- The FCC B- A VEC C- The IARU D- Local radio clubs 4BA-7A-1.3 What is an Element 1(C) examination intended to prove? A- The applicant's ability to send and receive Morse code at 20 WPM B- The applicant's knowledge of Amateur Extra class theory and regulations C- The applicant's ability to send and receive Morse code at 13 WPM D- The applicant's ability to send and receive Morse code at 5 WPM 4BA-7D.3 Who is responsible for the proper conduct and necessary supervision during an examination? A- The VEC B- The FCC C- The administering Volunteer Examiners D- The candidates and the administering Volunteer Examiners 4BB-2A.3 How is the interlace scanning pattern generated in a fast-scan television system? A- By scanning the field from top to bottom B- By scanning the field from bottom to top C- By scanning even numbered lines in one field and odd numbered ones in the next D- By scanning from left to right in one field and right to left in the next 4BD-2B.1 What piece of test equipment besides an oscilloscope can be used to indicate pulse conditions in a digital-logic circuit? A- A logic probe B- A galvanometer C- An electroscope D- A Wheatstone bridge 4BE-2A.1 What is the meaning of the term time constant of an RC circuit? A- The time required to charge the capacitor in the circuit to 36.8% of the supply voltage B- The time required to charge the capacitor in the circuit to 36.8% of the supply current C- The time required to charge the capacitor in the circuit to 63.2% of the supply current D- The time required to charge the capacitor in the circuit to 63.2% of the supply voltage 4BE-2B.22 How long does it take for an initial charge of 800 V dc to decrease to 14.8 V dc in a 450-microfarad capacitor when a 1- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- Approximately 900 seconds B- Approximately 1350 seconds C- Approximately 1804 seconds D- Approximately 2000 seconds 4BE-6B.3 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 300-ohm-reactance inductor in series with a 400-ohm resistor? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 400 ohms, /_27_degrees__ B- 500 ohms, /_37_degrees__ C- 600 ohms, /_47_degrees__ D- 700 ohms, /_57_degrees__ 4BF-4.1 What do the initials TTL stand for? A- Resistor-transistor logic B- Transistor-transistor logic C- Diode-transistor logic D- Emitter-coupled logic 4BG-1C.7 What is a NOR gate? A- A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only if all inputs are logic "0" B- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if all inputs are logic "1" C- A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if any or all inputs are logic "1" D- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic "1" 4BG-4B.3 What occurs during A1A reception if too narrow a filter bandwidth is used in the IF stage of a receiver? A- Undesired signals will reach the audio stage B- Output-offset overshoot C- Cross-modulation distortion D- Filter ringing 4BH-1A.1 In a pulse-width modulation system, what parameter does the modulating signal vary? A- Pulse duration B- Pulse frequency C- Pulse amplitude D- Pulse intensity 4BH-2F.12 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 170-Hertz shift, 110-baud ASCII emission F1B transmission? A- 304 Hz B- 314 Hz C- 608 Hz D- 628 Hz 4BI-2A.2 What is the radiation pattern of two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/4 wavelength apart and fed 90 degrees out of phase? A- Unidirectional cardioid B- Figure-8 end-fire C- Figure-8 broadside D- Omnidirectional 4BI-5.2 What term describes an unbalanced feed system in which the driven element is fed both at the center of that element and a fraction of a wavelength to one side of center? A- The gamma matching system B- The delta matching system C- The omega matching system D- The stub matching system 4BA-2A.1 What is an FCC Reciprocal Operating Permit? A- An FCC authorization to a holder of an amateur license issued by certain foreign governments to operate an Amateur Radio station in the United States and its possessions B- An FCC permit to allow a United States licensed amateur to operate his station in a foreign nation, except Canada C- An FCC permit allowing a foreign licensed amateur to handle traffic between the United States and the amateur's own nation, subject to FCC rules on traffic handling and third-party messages D- An FCC permit to a commercial telecommunications company allowing that company to pay amateurs to handle traffic during emergencies 4BA-5A.1 What is a Volunteer-Examiner Coordinator? A- An organization that is authorized to administer FCC Amateur Radio license examinations to candidates for the Novice license B- An organization that is authorized to administer FCC Amateur Radio examinations for any class of license other than Novice C- An organization that has entered into an agreement with the FCC to coordinate the efforts of Volunteer Examiners in preparing and administering examinations for Amateur Radio operator licenses D- An organization that has entered into an agreement with the FCC to coordinate efforts of Volunteer Examiners in preparing and administering examinations for Amateur Radio operator licenses other than Novice 4BA-6B.5 When is VE accreditation necessary? A- Always in order to administer a Technician or higher class license examination B- Always in order to administer a Novice or higher class license examination C- Sometimes in order to administer an Advanced or higher class license examination D- VE accreditation is not necessary in order to administer a General or higher class license examination 4BA-7C.4 What examination credit must be given to an applicant who holds a valid General class operator license? A- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B), 2, 3(A), 3(B) and 4(A) B- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A), 3(A), 3(B) and 4(A) C- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A), 2, 3(A), 3(B) and 4(B) D- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B), 2, 3(A) and 3(B) 4BB-1B.4 What is Mode L in an amateur satellite? A- Operation through a 70-centimeter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 10 meters B- Operation through a 23-centimeter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 70 centimeters C- Operation through a 70-centimeter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 23 centimeters D- Operation through a 10-meter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 70 centimeters 4BD-1A.1 How does a spectrum analyzer differ from a conventional time-domain oscilloscope? A- The oscilloscope is used to display electrical signals while the spectrum analyzer is used to measure ionospheric reflection B- The oscilloscope is used to display electrical signals in the frequency domain while the spectrum analyzer is used to display electrical signals in the time domain C- The oscilloscope is used to display electrical signals in the time domain while the spectrum analyzer is used to display electrical signals in the frequency domain D- The oscilloscope is used for displaying audio frequencies and the spectrum analyzer is used for displaying radio frequencies 4BE-1.1 What is the photoconductive effect? A- The conversion of photon energy to electromotive energy B- The increased conductivity of an illuminated semiconductor junction C- The conversion of electromotive energy to photon energy D- The decreased conductivity of an illuminated semiconductor junction 4BE-2B.14 How long does it take for an initial charge of 20 V dc to decrease to 2.71 V dc in a 0.01-microfarad capacitor when a 2- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- 0.04 seconds B- 0.02 seconds C- 7.36 seconds D- 12.64 seconds 4BE-5.5 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 400-ohm-reactance inductor in parallel with a 300-ohm resistor? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 240 ohms, /_36.9_degrees___ B- 240 ohms, /_-36.9_degrees__ C- 500 ohms, /_53.1_degrees__ D- 500 ohms, /_-53.1_degrees__ 4BF-2.3 What would be the characteristics of the ideal op-amp? A- Zero input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain, flat frequency response B- Infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, flat frequency response C- Zero input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, flat frequency response D- Infinite input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain, flat frequency response 4BG-1B.1 What is an astable multivibrator? A- A circuit that alternates between two stable states B- A circuit that alternates between a stable state and an unstable state C- A circuit set to block either a 0 pulse or a 1 pulse and pass the other D- A circuit that alternates between two unstable states 4BG-3B.2 How can unwanted ringing and audio instability be prevented in a multisection op-amp RC audio filter circuit? A- Restrict both gain and Q B- Restrict gain, but increase Q C- Restrict Q, but increase gain D- Increase both gain and Q 4BG-5C.4 What voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure 4BG-5 when R1 is 10 ohms and Rf is 47 kilohms? A- 0.00021 B- 9400 C- 4700 D- 2350 4BH-2F.4 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 170-Hertz shift, 74-baud Baudot emission J2B transmission? A- 250 Hz B- 278 Hz C- 442 Hz D- 600 Hz 4BI-1B.2 What theoretical reference antenna provides a comparison for antenna measurements? A- Quarter-wave vertical B- Yagi C- Bobtail curtain D- Isotropic radiator 4BI-4B.1 What happens to the beamwidth of an antenna as the gain is increased? A- The beamwidth increases geometrically as the gain is increased B- The beamwidth increases arithmetically as the gain is increased C- The beamwidth is essentially unaffected by the gain of the antenna D- The beamwidth decreases as the gain is increased 4BA-1B.3 How much must the mean power of any spurious emission or radiation from an amateur transmitter be attenuated when the carrier frequency is above 30 MHz but below 225 MHz and the mean transmitted power is greater than 25 watts? A- At least 30 dB below mean power of the fundamental B- At least 40 dB below mean power of the fundamental C- At least 50 dB below mean power of the fundamental D- At least 60 dB below mean power of the fundamental 4BA-4D-1.1 What term is used to describe space-to-earth transmissions that communicate the results of measurements made by a station in space operation? A- Data transmission B- Frame check sequence C- Telemetry D- Telecommand operation 4BA-5G.5 By what date each year must a VE forward to the VEC a certification concerning expenses for which reimbursement was accepted? A- December 15 following the year for which the reimbursement was accepted B- January 15 following the year for which the reimbursement was accepted C- April 15 following the year for which the reimbursement was accepted D- October 15 following the year for which the reimbursement was accepted 4BA-7A-2.6 Who must prepare Examination Element 4(B)? A- Advanced or Extra class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators B- The FCC C- The Field Operations Bureau D- Extra class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators 4BA-7F.3 How long may a successful applicant operate a station under Section 97.35 with the rights and privileges of the higher operator class for which the applicant has passed the appropriate examinations? A- 30 days or until issuance of a permanent operator and station license, whichever comes first B- 3 months or until issuance of the permanent operator and station license, whichever comes first C- 6 months or until issuance of the permanent operator and station license, whichever comes first D- 1 year or until issuance of the permanent operator and station license, whichever comes first 4BC-1.5 What type of transmitting system is required for EME communications? A- A transmitting system capable of operation on the 21 MHz band B- A transmitting system capable of producing a very high ERP C- A transmitting system using an unmodulated carrier D- A transmitting system with a high second harmonic output 4BD-4.3 What is the triangulation method of direction finding? A- Using the geometric angle of ground waves and sky waves emanating from the same source to locate the signal source B- A fixed receiving station uses three beam headings to plot the signal source on a map C- Beam headings from several receiving locations are used to plot the signal source on a map D- The use of three vertical antennas to indicate the location of the signal source 4BE-2B.6 What is the time constant of a circuit having two 100-microfarad capacitors and two 470-kilohm resistors all in parallel? A- 470 seconds B- 47 seconds C- 4.7 seconds D- 0.47 seconds 4BE-4.2 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 0.1- microhenry inductor in series with a 30-ohm resistor, at 5 MHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 30 - j3 B- 30 + j3 C- 3 + j30 D- 3 - j30 4BF-1D.2 Why are special precautions necessary in handling FET and CMOS devices? A- They are susceptible to damage from static charges B- They have fragile leads that may break off C- They have micro-welded semiconductor junctions that are susceptible to breakage D- They are light sensitive 4BF-6.3 What type of CRT deflection is better when high-frequency waves are to be displayed on the screen? A- Electromagnetic B- Tubular C- Radar D- Electrostatic 4BG-2B.1 What is the purpose of a prescaler circuit? A- It converts the output of a JK flip-flop to that of an RS flip-flop B- It multiplies an HF signal so a low-frequency counter can display the operating frequency C- It prevents oscillation in a low frequency counter circuit D- It divides an HF signal so a low-frequency counter can display the operating frequency 4BG-4C.4 The ability of a communications receiver to perform well in the presence of strong signals outside the amateur band of interest is indicated by what parameter? A- Noise figure B- Blocking dynamic range C- Signal-to-noise ratio D- Audio output 4BH-2D.2 What type of error control system does Mode B AMTOR use? A- Each character is sent twice B- The receiving station checks the calculated frame check sequence (FCS) against the transmitted FCS C- Mode B AMTOR does not include an error control system D- The receiving station automatically requests repeats when needed 4BH-4.3 What term is used to describe a spread spectrum communications system in which a very fast binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF carrier? A- Frequency hopping B- Direct sequence C- Binary phase-shift keying D- Phase compandored spread spectrum 4BI-3B.3 What are the disadvantages of a nonresonant rhombic antenna? A- It requires a large area for proper installation and has a narrow bandwidth B- It requires a large area for proper installation and has a low front-to-back ratio C- It requires a large amount of aluminum tubing and has a low front-to-back ratio D- It requires a large area and four sturdy supports for proper installation 4BI-6D.2 What kind of impedance does a 1/2-wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is open at the far end? A- A very high impedance B- A very low impedance C- The same as the characteristic impedance of the line D- The same as the output impedance of the generator 4BA-3G.1 What type of emergency can cause a limitation on the frequencies available for RACES operation? A- An emergency in which the President invokes the War Emergency Powers under the provisions of the Communications Act of 1934 B- RACES operations must be confined to a single frequency band if the emergency is contained within a single state C- RACES operations must be conducted on a VHF band if the emergency is confined to an area 25 miles or less in radius D- The Red Cross may limit available frequencies if the emergency involves no immediate danger of loss of life 4BA-5F.1 Under what circumstance, if any, may an organization engaged in the manufacture of equipment used in connection with Amateur Radio transmissions be a VEC? A- Under no circumstances B- If the organization's amateur-related sales are very small C- If the organization is manufacturing very specialized amateur equipment D- Only upon FCC approval that preventive measures have been taken to preclude any possible conflict of interest 4BA-7A-1.6 What is Examination Element 3(B)? A- The 5-WPM amateur Morse code examination B- The 13-WPM amateur Morse code examination C- The written examination for the Technician class operator license D- The written examination for the General class operator license 4BA-7E.1 When must the test papers be graded? A- Within 5 days of completion of an examination element B- Within 30 days of completion of an examination element C- Immediately upon completion of an examination element D- Within 10 days of completion of an examination element 4BB-2A.6 What is the bandwidth of a fast-scan television transmission? A- 3 kHz B- 10 kHz C- 25 kHz D- 6 MHz 4BD-3A.3 How can ferrite beads be used to suppress ignition noise? A- Install them in the resistive high voltage cable every 2 years B- Install them between the starter solenoid and the starter motor C- Install them in the primary and secondary ignition leads D- Install them in the antenna lead to the radio 4BE-2A.4 What is the term for the time required for the current in an RL circuit to build up to 63.2% of the maximum value? A- One time constant B- An exponential period of one C- A time factor of one D- One exponential rate 4BE-3.3 What type of calculations can be performed using a Smith Chart? A- Beam headings and radiation patterns B- Satellite azimuth and elevation bearings C- Impedance and SWR values in transmission lines D- Circuit gain calculations 4BF-1A.1 What is an enhancement-mode FET? A- An FET with a channel that blocks voltage through the gate B- An FET with a channel that allows a current when the gate voltage is zero C- An FET without a channel to hinder current through the gate D- An FET without a channel; no current occurs with zero gate voltage 4BF-4.4 What level of input voltage is high in a TTL device operating with a 5-volt power supply? A- 2.0 to 5.5 volts B- 1.5 to 3.0 volts C- 1.0 to 1.5 volts D- -5.0 to -2.0 volts 4BG-1C.10 What is the schematic symbol for a NOT gate? 4BG-4B.6 What degree of selectivity is desirable in the IF circuitry of an emission J3E receiver? A- 1 kHz B- 2.4 kHz C- 4.2 kHz D- 4.8 kHz 4BH-1B.2 Why is the transmitter peak power in a pulse modulation system much greater than its average power? A- The signal duty cycle is less than 100% B- The signal reaches peak amplitude only when voice-modulated C- The signal reaches peak amplitude only when voltage spikes are generated within the modulator D- The signal reaches peak amplitude only when the pulses are also amplitude-modulated 4BH-2F.15 What is the necessary bandwidth for a 170-Hertz shift, 300-baud ASCII emission J2D transmission? A- 0 Hz B- 0.3 kHz C- 0.5 kHz D- 1.0 kHz 4BI-2A.5 How many 1/2 wavelengths apart should two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas be spaced to produce a figure-8 pattern that is in line with the vertical antennas when they are fed 180 degrees out of phase? A- One half wavelength apart B- Two half wavelengths apart C- Three half wavelengths apart D- Four half wavelengths apart 4BI-5.5 What should be the approximate capacitance of the resonating capacitor in a gamma matching circuit on a 1/2-wavelength dipole antenna for the 10-meter band? A- 70 pF B- 140 pF C- 200 pF D- 0.2 pF 4BA-2C.1 What are the operator frequency privileges authorized by an FCC Reciprocal Operating Permit? A- Those authorized to a holder of the equivalent United States amateur license, unless the FCC specifies otherwise by endorsement on the permit B- Those that the holder of the Reciprocal Operating Permit would have if he were in his own country C- Only those frequencies permitted to United States amateurs that the holder of the Reciprocal Operating Permit would have in his own country, unless the FCC specifies otherwise D- Only those frequencies approved by the International Amateur Radio Union, unless the FCC specifies otherwise 4BA-5C.2 Where are the questions listed that must be used in written examinations? A- In the appropriate VEC question pool B- In PR Bulletin 1035C C- In PL 97-259 D- In the appropriate FCC Report and Order 4BA-6C.3 The services of which persons seeking to be VEs will not be accepted by the FCC? A- Persons with Advanced class licenses B- Persons being between 18 and 21 years of age C- Persons who have ever had their amateur licenses suspended or revoked D- Persons who are employees of the Federal Government 4BA-7C.7 What examination credit, if any, may be given to an applicant who holds a valid amateur operator license issued by any other United States government agency than the FCC? A- No credit B- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A), 1(B) or 1(C) C- Credit for successful completion of Elements 4(A) and 4(B) D- Credit for successful completion of Element 1(C) 4BB-1D.1 Why does the downlink frequency appear to vary by several kHz during a low-earth-orbit amateur satellite pass? A- The distance between the satellite and ground station is changing, causing the Kepler effect B- The distance between the satellite and ground station is changing, causing the Bernoulli effect C- The distance between the satellite and ground station is changing, causing the Boyles' law effect D- The distance between the satellite and ground station is changing, causing the Doppler effect 4BD-1B.1 What test instrument can be used to display spurious signals in the output of a radio transmitter? A- A spectrum analyzer B- A wattmeter C- A logic analyzer D- A time-domain reflectometer 4BE-1.4 What happens to the conductivity of a semiconductor junction when it is illuminated? A- It stays the same B- It becomes temperature dependent C- It increases D- It decreases 4BE-2B.17 How long does it take for an initial charge of 20 V dc to decrease to 0.13 V dc in a 0.01-microfarad capacitor when a 2- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- 0.06 seconds B- 0.08 seconds C- 0.1 seconds D- 1.2 seconds 4BE-6A.3 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 0.01-microfarad capacitor in parallel with a 300-ohm resistor, at 50 kHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 150 - j159 B- 150 + j159 C- 159 + j150 D- 159 - j150 4BF-2.6 What is the input impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp? A- 100 ohms B- 1000 ohms C- Very low D- Very high 4BG-1C.2 What is the schematic symbol for an AND gate? 4BG-4A.1 What two factors determine the sensitivity of a receiver? A- Dynamic range and third-order intercept B- Cost and availability C- Intermodulation distortion and dynamic range D- Bandwidth and noise figure 4BG-6.2 What determines the output impedance in a FET common-source amplifier? A- The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain resistor B- The output impedance is essentially determined by the input impedance of the FET C- The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain-supply voltage D- The output impedance is essentially determined by the gate supply voltage 4BH-2F.7 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 1000-Hertz shift, 1200-baud ASCII emission F1D transmission? A- 1000 Hz B- 1200 Hz C- 440 Hz D- 2400 Hz 4BI-1B.5 How much gain does an antenna have over a 1/2-wavelength dipole when it has 6 dB gain over an isotropic radiator? A- About 3.9 dB B- About 6.0 dB C- About 8.1 dB D- About 10.0 dB 4BI-4B.4 What is the beamwidth of a symmetrical pattern antenna with a gain of 15 dB as compared to an isotropic radiator? A- 72 degrees B- 52 degrees C- 36.1 degrees D- 3.61 degrees 4BA-1C.2 With which stations may an amateur station communicate? A- Amateur, RACES and FCC Monitoring stations B- Amateur stations and any other station authorized by the FCC to communicate with amateur stations C- Amateur stations only D- Amateur stations and US Government stations 4BA-4E-4.1 When must the licensee of a station scheduled for space operation give the FCC written pre-space notification? A- 3 months to 72 hours prior to initiating space operation B- 6 months to 3 months prior to initiating space operation C- 12 months to 3 months prior to initiating space operation D- 27 months to 3 months prior to initiating space operation 4BA-6A.2 What is an accredited VE? A- A General class radio amateur who is accredited by a VEC to administer examinations to applicants for Amateur Radio licenses B- An Amateur Radio operator who is accredited by a VEC to administer examinations to applicants for Amateur Radio licenses C- An Amateur Radio operator who administers examinations to applicants for Amateur Radio licenses for a fee D- An FCC staff member who tests volunteers who want to administer Amateur Radio examinations 4BA-7B.3 What examination elements are required for a General class operator license? A- 1(B), 2, 3(A) and 3(B) B- 1(A), 2, 3(A) and 3(B) C- 1(A), 3(A) and 3(B) D- 1(B), 3(A) and 3(B) 4BB-1A.2 What is a descending pass for an amateur satellite? A- A pass from north to south B- A pass from west to east C- A pass from east to west D- A pass from south to north 4BC-3.1 What is transequatorial propagation? A- Propagation between two points at approximately the same distance north and south of the magnetic equator B- Propagation between two points on the magnetic equator C- Propagation between two continents by way of ducts along the magnetic equator D- Propagation between any two stations at the same latitude 4BD-4.6 What type of antenna is most useful for sky-wave reception in radio direction finding? A- A log-periodic dipole array B- An isotropic antenna C- A circularly polarized antenna D- An Adcock antenna 4BE-2B.9 What is the time constant of a circuit having one 100-microfarad capacitor, one 220-microfarad capacitor, one 470-kilohm resistor and one 1-megohm resistor all in series? A- 68.8 seconds B- 101.1 seconds C- 220.0 seconds D- 470.0 seconds 4BE-4.5 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 0.001-microfarad capacitor in series with a 400-ohm resistor, at 500 kHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 400 - j318 B- 318 - j400 C- 400 + j318 D- 318 + j400 4BF-1E.3 What are the three terminals of a field-effect transistor? A- Gate 1, gate 2, drain B- Emitter, base, collector C- Emitter, base 1, base 2 D- Gate, drain, source 4BG-1A.3 What is a bistable multivibrator circuit? A- An "AND" gate B- An "OR" gate C- A flip-flop D- A clock 4BG-2B.4 What is the function of a decade counter digital IC? A- Decode a decimal number for display on a seven-segment LED display B- Produce one output pulse for every ten input pulses C- Produce ten output pulses for every input pulse D- Add two decimal numbers 4BG-5A.1 What is an inverting op-amp circuit? A- An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are l80 degrees out of phase B- An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signal are in phase C- An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output are 90 degrees out of phase D- An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held at zero, while the output impedance is high 4BH-2E.3 What is the duration of a 45-baud Baudot stop pulse? A- 11 milliseconds B- 18 milliseconds C- 31 milliseconds D- 40 milliseconds 4BH-6A.1 What is the easiest voltage amplitude dimension to measure by viewing a pure sine wave signal on an oscilloscope? A- Peak-to-peak voltage B- RMS voltage C- Average voltage D- DC voltage 4BI-3C.2 What should be the value of the terminating resistor on a rhombic antenna? A- About 50 ohms B- About 75 ohms C- About 800 ohms D- About 1800 ohms 4BA-1A.3 What exclusive frequency privileges in the 40-meter band are authorized to Amateur Extra control operators? A- 7000-7025 kHz B- 7000-7050 kHz C- 7025-7050 kHz D- 7100-7150 kHz 4BA-3I.1 What are permissible communications in RACES? A- Any communications concerning local traffic nets B- Any communications concerning the Amateur Radio Emergency Service C- Any communications concerning national defense and security or immediate safety of people and property that are authorized by the area civil defense organization D- Any communications concerning national defense or security or immediate safety of people or property but only when a state of emergency has been declared by the President, the governor, or other authorized official, and then only so long as the state of emergency endures 4BA-5F.4 Under what circumstances, if any, may an organization engaged in the distribution of publications used in preparation for obtaining an amateur operator license be a VEC? A- Under no circumstances B- Only if the organization's amateur publishing business is very small C- Only if the organization is selling the publication at cost to examinees D- Only upon FCC approval that preventive measures have been taken to preclude any possible conflict of interest 4BA-7A-2.1 Who must prepare Examination Element 1(B)? A- Extra class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators B- Advanced class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators C- The FCC D- The Field Operations Bureau 4BA-7E.4 What must the examiners do when the candidate scores a passing grade? A- Give the percentage of the questions answered correctly and return the application to the candidate B- Tell the candidate that he or she passed C- Issue the candidate an operator license D- Issue the candidate a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination for the appropriate exam element(s) 4BB-2A.9 What is the standard video level, in percent PEV, for blanking? A- 0% B- 12.5% C- 75% D- 100% 4BD-3B.2 How can conducted and radiated noise caused by an automobile alternator be suppressed? A- By installing filter capacitors in series with the dc power lead and by installing a blocking capacitor in the field lead B- By connecting the radio's power leads to the battery by the longest possible path and by installing a blocking capacitor in series with the positive lead C- By installing a high pass filter in series with the radio's power lead to the vehicle's electrical system and by installing a low-pass filter in parallel with the field lead D- By connecting the radio power leads directly to the battery and by installing coaxial capacitors in the alternator leads 4BE-2B.1 After two time constants, the capacitor in an RC circuit is charged to what percentage of the supply voltage? A- 36.8% B- 63.2% C- 86.5% D- 95% 4BE-3.6 What is the process of normalizing with regard to a Smith Chart? A- Reassigning resistance values with regard to the reactance axis B- Reassigning reactance values with regard to the resistance axis C- Reassigning resistance values with regard to the prime center D- Reassigning prime center with regard to the reactance axis 4BF-1C.2 What is the schematic symbol for a P-channel MOSFET? 4BF-5.1 What is a CMOS IC? A- A chip with only P-channel transistors B- A chip with P-channel and N-channel transistors C- A chip with only N-channel transistors D- A chip with only bipolar transistors 4BG-1D.3 In a positive-logic circuit, what level is used to represent a logic 0? A- A low level B- A positive-transition level C- A negative-transition level D- A high level 4BG-4B.9 What degree of selectivity is desirable in the IF circuitry of an emission F3E receiver? A- 1 kHz B- 2.4 kHz C- 4.2 kHz D- 15 kHz 4BH-2B.1 What digital communications system is well suited for meteor-scatter communications? A- ACSSB B- AMTOR C- Packet radio D- Spread spectrum 4BH-3.3 What is the purpose of a pilot tone in an amplitude compandored single sideband system? A- It permits rapid tuning of a mobile receiver B- It replaces the suppressed carrier at the receiver C- It permits rapid change of frequency to escape high-powered interference D- It acts as a beacon to indicate the present propagation characteristic of the band 4BI-2A.8 What is the radiation pattern for two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/8 wavelength apart and fed in phase? A- Omnidirectional B- Cardioid unidirectional C- Figure-8 broadside to the antennas D- Figure-8 end-fire in line with the antennas 4BI-6B.1 What kind of impedance does a 1/4-wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is shorted at the far end? A- A very high impedance B- A very low impedance C- The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line D- The same as the generator output impedance 4BA-3B.1 What is the purpose of RACES? A- To provide civil-defense communications during emergencies B- To provide emergency communications for transoceanic boat or aircraft races C- To provide routine and emergency communications for long-distance athletic events D- To provide routine and emergency communications for large-scale international events, such as the Olympic games 4BA-5C.5 How is an Element 4(A) examination prepared? A- By Extra Class Volunteer Examiners or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators selecting questions from the appropriate VEC question pool B- By Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators selecting questions from the appropriate FCC bulletin C- By Extra Class Volunteer Examiners selecting questions from the appropriate FCC bulletin D- By the FCC selecting questions from the appropriate VEC question pool 4BA-7A-1.1 What is an Element 1(A) examination intended to prove? A- The applicant's ability to send and receive Morse code at 5 WPM B- The applicant's ability to send and receive Morse code at 13 WPM C- The applicant's knowledge of Novice class theory and regulations D- The applicant's ability to send and receive Morse code at 20 WPM 4BA-7D.1 Who determines where and when examinations for amateur operator licenses are to be administered? A- The FCC B- The Section Manager C- The applicants D- The administering Volunteer Examiner Team 4BB-2A.1 How often is a new frame transmitted in a fast-scan television system? A- 30 times per second B- 60 times per second C- 90 times per second D- 120 times per second 4BD-2A.2 What piece of test equipment can be used to directly indicate high and low logic states? A- A galvanometer B- An electroscope C- A logic probe D- A Wheatstone bridge 4BE-1.7 What is an optical shaft encoder? A- An array of optocouplers chopped by a stationary wheel B- An array of optocouplers whose light transmission path is controlled by a rotating wheel C- An array of optocouplers whose propagation velocity is controlled by a stationary wheel D- An array of optocouplers whose propagation velocity is controlled by a rotating wheel 4BE-2B.20 How long does it take for an initial charge of 800 V dc to decrease to 39.9 V dc in a 450-microfarad capacitor when a 1- megohm resistor is connected across it? A- 1350 seconds B- 900 seconds C- 450 seconds D- 225 seconds 4BE-6B.1 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 100-ohm-reactance capacitor in series with a 100-ohm resistor? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 121 ohms, /_-25_degrees__ B- 141 ohms, /_-45_degrees__ C- 161 ohms, /_-65_degrees__ D- 191 ohms, /_-85_degrees__ 4BF-3.2 What functions are performed by a phase-locked loop? A- Wideband AF and RF power amplification B- Comparison of two digital input signals, digital pulse counter C- Photovoltaic conversion, optical coupling D- Frequency synthesis, FM demodulation 4BG-1C.5 What is an OR gate? A- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if any input is logic "1" B- A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if any input is logic "1" C- A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if all inputs are logic "1" D- A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if all inputs are logic "0" 4BG-4B.1 How can selectivity be achieved in the front-end circuitry of a communications receiver? A- By using an audio filter B- By using a preselector C- By using an additional RF amplifier stage D- By using an additional IF amplifier stage 4BG-8.1 What is the purpose of a bypass capacitor? A- It increases the resonant frequency of the circuit B- It removes direct current from the circuit by shunting dc to ground C- It removes alternating current by providing a low impedance path to ground D- It acts as a voltage divider 4BH-2F.10 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 5-WPM international Morse code emission A1A transmission? A- Approximately 5 Hz B- Approximately 10 Hz C- Approximately 20 Hz D- Approximately 40 Hz 4BI-1C.2 What type of directivity pattern does an isotropic radiator have? A- A figure-8 B- A unidirectional cardioid C- A parabola D- A sphere 4BI-4C.2 Why does an antenna system for earth operation (for communications through a satellite) need to have rotators for both azimuth and elevation control? A- In order to point the antenna above the horizon to avoid terrestrial interference B- Satellite antennas require two rotators because they are so large and heavy C- In order to track the satellite as it orbits the earth D- The elevation rotator points the antenna at the satellite and the azimuth rotator changes the antenna polarization 4BA-1E.1 An Amateur Radio station is installed on board a ship or aircraft in a compartment separate from the main radio installation. What other conditions must the amateur operator comply with? A- The Amateur Radio operation must be approved by the master of the ship of the captain of the aircraft B- There must be an approved antenna switch included, so the amateur can use the ship or aircraft antennas, transmitting only when the main radios are not in use C- The amateur station must have a power supply that is completely independent of the ship or aircraft power D- The Amateur Radio operator must have an FCC Marine or Aircraft endorsement on his or her Amateur license 4BA-4F-1.1 What term describes earth-to-space-to-earth Amateur Radio communication by means of radio signals automatically retransmitted by a station in space operation? A- Earth operation B- ESE C- Repeater operation D- Auxiliary operation 4BA-6B.3 What are the requirements for a Volunteer Examiner administering an examination for an Advanced class operator license? A- The examiner must hold an Advanced class license and be accredited by a VEC B- The examiner must hold an Extra class license and be accredited by a VEC C- The examiner must hold a General class license and be accredited by a VEC D- The examiner must hold an Extra class license to administer the written test element, but an Advanced class examiner may administer the CW test element 4BA-7C.2 What examination credit must be given to an applicant who holds a valid Technician class operator license issued after March 20, 1987? A- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A) and 2 B- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(A), 2 and 3(A) C- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B), 2 and 3(A) D- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B), 3(A) and 3(B) 4BB-1B.2 What is Mode B in an amateur satellite? A- Operation through a 10-meter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 2 meters B- Operation through a 70-centimeter receiver on a satellite that retransmits on 2 meters C- The beacon output D- A codestore device used to record messages 4BC-4.1 If a beam antenna must be pointed in a direction 180 degrees away from a station to receive the strongest signals, what type of propagation is probably occurring? A- Transequatorial propagation B- Sporadic-E propagation C- Long-path propagation D- Auroral propagation 4BD-4.9 Why is an antenna system with a cardioid pattern desirable for a direction-finding system? A- The broad side responses of the cardioid pattern can be aimed at the desired station B- The deep null of the cardioid pattern can pinpoint the direction of the desired station C- The sharp peak response of the cardioid pattern can pinpoint the direction of the desired station D- The high radiation angle of the cardioid pattern is useful for short-distance direction finding 4BE-2B.12 What is the time constant of a circuit having a 220-microfarad capacitor in series with a 470-kilohm resistor? A- 103 seconds B- 220 seconds C- 470 seconds D- 470000 seconds 4BE-5.3 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 400-ohm-reactance capacitor in series with a 300-ohm resistor? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 240 ohms, /36.9_degrees___ B- 240 ohms, /_-36.9_degrees__ C- 500 ohms, /_53.1_degrees__ D- 500 ohms, /_-53.1_degrees__ 4BF-2.1 What is an operational amplifier? A- A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components external to the amplifier unit B- A high-gain, direct-coupled audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components external to the amplifier unit C- An amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit D- A program subroutine that calculates the gain of an RF amplifier 4BG-1A.6 What type of digital IC is also known as a latch? A- A decade counter B- An OR gate C- A flip-flop D- An op-amp 4BG-3A.3 What are the principle uses of an op-amp RC active filter in amateur circuitry? A- Op-amp circuits are used as high-pass filters to block RFI at the input to receivers B- Op-amp circuits are used as low-pass filters between transmitters and transmission lines C- Op-amp circuits are used as filters for smoothing power-supply output D- Op-amp circuits are used as audio filters for receivers 4BG-5C.2 What voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure 4BG-5 when R1 is 1800 ohms and Rf is 68 kilohms? A- 1 B- 0.03 C- 38 D- 76 4BH-2F.2 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 170-Hertz shift, 45-baud Baudot emission J2B transmission? A- 45 Hz B- 249 Hz C- 442 Hz D- 600 Hz 4BI-1A.1 What is an isotropic radiator? A- A hypothetical, omnidirectional antenna B- In the northern hemisphere, an antenna whose directive pattern is constant in southern directions C- An antenna high enough in the air that its directive pattern is substantially unaffected by the ground beneath it D- An antenna whose directive pattern is substantially unaffected by the spacing of the elements 4BI-4A.3 What factors determine the EIRP required by an amateur station in telecommand operation? A- Path loss, earth antenna gain, signal-to-noise ratio B- Satellite antennas and height, satellite receiver sensitivity C- Satellite transmitter power and orientation of ground receiving antenna D- Elevation of satellite above horizon, signal-to-noise ratio, satellite transmitter power 4BA-1B.1 What is a spurious emission or radiation? A- As defined by Section 97.73, any emission or radiation falling outside the amateur band being used B- As defined by Section 97.73, any emission or radiation other than the fundamental that exceeds 25 microwatts, regardless of frequency C- As defined by Section 97.73, any emission or radiation other than the fundamental that exceeds 10 microwatts, regardless of frequency D- As defined by Section 97.73, any emission or radiation falling outside the amateur band that exceeds 25 microwatts 4BA-4C-1.1 What is the term used to describe an earth-to-space Amateur Radio communication that controls the functions of an amateur satellite? A- Space operation B- Telecommand operation C- Earth operation D- Control operation 4BA-5G.3 What type of expense records must be maintained by a VE who accepts reimbursement? A- All out-of-pocket expenses and reimbursements from the examinees B- All out-of-pocket expenses only C- Reimbursements from examiners only D- FCC reimbursements only 4BA-7A-2.4 Who must prepare Examination Element 3(B)? A- Extra class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators B- The FCC C- The Field Operations Bureau D- Advanced or General class licensees serving as Volunteer Examiners, or Volunteer-Examiner Coordinators 4BA-7F.1 When an applicant passes an examination to upgrade his or her operator license, under what authority may he or she be the control operator of an amateur station with the privileges of the higher operator class? A- That of the Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination issued by the VE Team that administered the examination B- That of the ARRL C- Applicants already licensed in the Amateur Radio Service may not use their newly earned privileges until they receive their permanent amateur station and operator licenses D- Applicants may only use their newly earned privileges during emergencies pending issuance of their permanent amateur station and operator licenses 4BC-1.3 What are the best days to schedule EME contacts? A- When the moon is at perigee B- When the moon is full C- When the moon is at apogee D- When the weather at both stations is clear 4BD-4.1 What is the main drawback of a wire-loop antenna for direction finding? A- It has a bidirectional pattern broadside to the loop B- It is non-rotatable C- It receives equally well in all directions D- It is practical for use only on VHF bands 4BE-2B.4 What is the time constant of a circuit having a 220-microfarad capacitor in parallel with a 1-megohm resistor? A- 220 seconds B- 22 seconds C- 2.2 seconds D- 0.22 seconds 4BE-3.9 How are the wavelength scales on a Smith Chart calibrated? A- In portions of transmission line electrical frequency B- In portions of transmission line electrical wavelength C- In portions of antenna electrical wavelength D- In portions of antenna electrical frequency 4BF-1C.5 Why do many MOSFET devices have built-in gate-protective Zener diodes? A- The gate-protective Zener diode provides a voltage reference to provide the correct amount of reverse-bias gate voltage B- The gate-protective Zener diode protects the substrate from excessive voltages C- The gate-protective Zener diode keeps the gate voltage within specifications to prevent the device from overheating D- The gate-protective Zener diode prevents the gate insulation from being punctured by small static charges or excessive voltages 4BF-6.1 What is the name for a vacuum tube that is commonly found in television cameras used for amateur television? A- A traveling-wave tube B- A klystron tube C- A vidicon tube D- A cathode-ray tube 4BG-2A.1 What is a crystal-controlled marker generator? A- A low-stability oscillator that "sweeps" through a band of frequencies B- An oscillator often used in aircraft to determine the craft's location relative to the inner and outer markers at airports C- A high-stability oscillator whose output frequency and amplitude can be varied over a wide range D- A high-stability oscillator that generates a series of reference signals at known frequency intervals 4BG-4C.2 What is the term for the ratio between the largest tolerable receiver input signal and the minimum discernible signal? A- Intermodulation distortion B- Noise floor C- Noise figure D- Dynamic range 4BH-2C.1 What is one advantage of using the ASCII code, with its larger character set, instead of the Baudot code? A- ASCII includes built-in error-correction features B- ASCII characters contain fewer information bits than Baudot characters C- It is possible to transmit upper and lower case text D- The larger character set allows store-and-forward control characters to be added to a message 4BH-4.1 What term describes a wide-bandwidth communications system in which the RF carrier varies according to some predetermined sequence? A- Amplitude compandored single sideband B- AMTOR C- Time-domain frequency modulation D- Spread spectrum communication 4BI-3B.1 What is a nonresonant rhombic antenna? A- A unidirectional antenna terminated in a resistance equal to its characteristic impedance B- An open-ended bidirectional antenna C- An antenna resonant at approximately double the frequency of the intended band of operation D- A horizontal triangular antenna consisting of two adjacent sides and the long diagonal of a resonant rhombic 4BI-6C.2 What kind of impedance does a 3/8-wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is open at the far end? A- A capacitive reactance B- The same as the characteristic impedance of the line C- An inductive reactance D- The same as the input impedance to the final generator stage 4BA-3E.1 What additional operator privileges are granted to an Amateur Extra class operator registered with RACES? A- None B- Permission to operate CW on 5167.5 kHz C- Permission to operate an unattended HF packet radio station D- Permission to operate on the 237-MHz civil defense band 4BA-5E.1 Under what circumstances, if any, may a VEC refuse to accredit a person as a VE on the basis of membership in an Amateur Radio organization? A- Under no circumstances B- Only when the prospective VE is an ARRL member C- Only when the prospective VE is not a member of the local Amateur Radio club D- Only when the club is at least regional in scope 4BA-7A-1.4 What is Examination Element 2? A- The 5-WPM amateur Morse code examination B- The 13-WPM amateur Morse code examination C- The written examination for the Novice class operator license D- The written examination for the Technician class operator license 4BA-7D.4 What should an examiner do when a candidate fails to comply with the examiner's instructions? A- Warn the candidate that continued failure to comply with the examiner's instructions will result in termination of the examination B- Immediately terminate the examination C- Allow the candidate to complete the examination, but refuse to issue a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination for any elements passed by fraudulent means D- Immediately terminate the examination and report the violation to federal law enforcement officials 4BB-2A.4 What is blanking in a video signal? A- Synchronization of the horizontal and vertical sync-pulses B- Turning off the scanning beam while it is traveling from right to left and from bottom to top C- Turning off the scanning beam at the conclusion of a transmission D- Transmitting a black and white test pattern 4BD-3A.1 What is one of the most significant problems you might encounter when you try to receive signals with a mobile station? A- Ignition noise B- Doppler shift C- Radar interference D- Mechanical vibrations 4BE-2A.2 What is the meaning of the term time constant of an RL circuit? A- The time required for the current in the circuit to build up to 36.8% of the maximum value B- The time required for the voltage in the circuit to build up to 63.2% of the maximum value C- The time required for the current in the circuit to build up to 63.2% of the maximum value D- The time required for the voltage in the circuit to build up to 36.8% of the maximum value 4BE-3.1 What is a Smith Chart? A- A graph for calculating impedance along transmission lines B- A graph for calculating great circle bearings C- A graph for calculating antenna height D- A graph for calculating radiation patterns 4BE-6B.4 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 100-ohm-reactance inductor in parallel with a 100-ohm resistor? (Specify your answer in polar coordinates.) A- 71 ohms, /_45_degrees_ B- 81 ohms, /_55_degrees__ C- 91 ohms, /_65_degrees__ D- 100 ohms, /_75_degrees__ 4BF-4.2 What is the recommended power supply voltage for TTL series integrated circuits? A- 12.00 volts B- 50.00 volts C- 5.00 volts D- 13.60 volts 4BG-1C.8 What is the schematic symbol for a NOR gate? 4BG-4B.4 What degree of selectivity is desirable in the IF circuitry of an amateur emission F1B receiver? A- 100 Hz B- 300 Hz C- 6000 Hz D- 2400 Hz 4BH-1A.2 What is the type of modulation in which the modulating signal varies the duration of the transmitted pulse? A- Amplitude modulation B- Frequency modulation C- Pulse-width modulation D- Pulse-height modulation 4BH-2F.13 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 170-Hertz shift, 110-baud ASCII emission J2B transmission? A- 304 Hz B- 314 Hz C- 608 Hz D- 628 Hz 4BI-2A.3 What is the radiation pattern of two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/2 wavelength apart and fed in phase? A- Omnidirectional B- Cardioid unidirectional C- Figure-8 broadside to the antennas D- Figure-8 end-fire in line with the antennas 4BI-5.3 What term describes a method of antenna impedance matching that uses a short section of transmission line connected to the antenna feed line near the antenna and perpendicular to the feed line? A- The gamma matching system B- The delta matching system C- The omega matching system D- The stub matching system 4BA-2B.1 Who is eligible for an FCC Reciprocal Operating Permit? A- Anyone holding a valid Amateur Radio license issued by a foreign government B- Anyone holding a valid Amateur Radio license issued by a foreign government with which the United States has a reciprocal operating agreement, providing that person is not a United States citizen C- Anyone who holds a valid Amateur Radio license issued by a foreign government with which the United States has a reciprocal operating agreement D- Anyone other than a United States citizen who holds a valid Amateur Radio or shortwave listener's license issued by a foreign government 4BA-5B.1 What are the requirements to be a VEC? A- Be engaged in the manufacture and/or sale of amateur equipment or in the coordination of amateur activities throughout at least one call-letter district; and agree to abide by FCC Rules concerning administration of Amateur Radio examinations B- Be organized at least partially for the purpose of furthering Amateur Radio; be at least regional in scope; and agree to abide by FCC Rules concerning coordination of Amateur Radio examinations C- Be organized at least partially for the purpose of furthering Amateur Radio; be, at the most, county-wide in scope; and agree to abide by FCC Rules concerning administration of Amateur Radio examinations D- Be engaged in a business related to Amateur Radio; and agree to administer Amateur Radio examinations in accordance with FCC Rules throughout at least one call-letter district 4BA-6C.1 What is VE accreditation? A- The process by which all Advanced and Extra class licensees are automatically given permission to conduct Amateur Radio examinations B- The process by which the FCC tests volunteers who wish to coordinate Amateur Radio license examinations C- The process by which the prospective VE requests his or her requirements for accreditation D- The process by which each VEC makes sure its VEs meet FCC requirements to serve as Volunteer Examiners 4BA-7C.5 What examination credit must be given to an applicant who holds a valid Advanced class operator license? A- Credit for successful completion of Element 4(A) B- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B) and 4(A) C- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(B), 2, 3(A), 3(B) and 4(A) D- Credit for successful completion of Elements 1(C), 3(A), 3(B), 4(A) and 4(B) 4BB-1C.1 What is a linear transponder? A- A repeater that passes only linear or CW signals B- A device that receives and retransmits signals of any mode in a certain passband C- An amplifier for SSB transmissions D- A device used to change FM to SSB 4BD-1A.2 What does the horizontal axis of a spectrum analyzer display? A- Amplitude B- Voltage C- Resonance D- Frequency 4BE-1.2 What happens to photoconductive material when light shines on it? A- The conductivity of the material increases B- The conductivity of the material decreases C- The conductivity of the material stays the same D- The conductivity of the material becomes temperature dependent 4BE-2B.15 How long does it take for an initial charge of 20 V dc to decrease to 1 V dc in a 0.01-microfarad capacitor when a 2-megohm resistor is connected across it? A- 0.01 seconds B- 0.02 seconds C- 0.04 seconds D- 0.06 seconds 4BE-6A.1 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 1.0- millihenry inductor in series with a 200-ohm resistor, at 30 kHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 200 - j188 B- 200 + j188 C- 188 + j200 D- 188 - j200 4BF-2.4 What determines the gain of a closed-loop op-amp circuit? A- The external feedback network B- The collector-to-base capacitance of the PNP stage C- The power supply voltage D- The PNP collector load 4BG-1B.2 What is a monostable multivibrator? A- A circuit that can be switched momentarily to the opposite binary state and then returns after a set time to its original state B- A "clock" circuit that produces a continuous square wave oscillating between 1 and 0 C- A circuit designed to store one bit of data in either the 0 or the 1 configuration D- A circuit that maintains a constant output voltage, regardless of variations in the input voltage 4BG-3B.3 Where should an op-amp RC active audio filter be placed in an amateur receiver? A- In the IF strip, immediately before the detector B- In the audio circuitry immediately before the speaker or phone jack C- Between the balanced modulator and frequency multiplier D- In the low-level audio stages 4BG-5D.1 How does the gain of a theoretically ideal operational amplifier vary with frequency? A- The gain increases linearly with increasing frequency B- The gain decreases linearly with increasing frequency C- The gain decreases logarithmically with increasing frequency D- The gain does not vary with frequency 4BH-2F.5 What is the necessary bandwidth of a 13-WPM international Morse code emission A1A transmission? A- Approximately 13 Hz B- Approximately 26 Hz C- Approximately 52 Hz D- Approximately 104 Hz 4BI-1B.3 What purpose does an isotropic radiator serve? A- It is used to compare signal strengths (at a distant point) of different transmitters B- It is used as a reference for antenna gain measurements C- It is used as a dummy load for tuning transmitters D- It is used to measure the standing-wave-ratio on a transmission line 4BI-4B.2 What is the beamwidth of a symmetrical pattern antenna with a gain of 20 dB as compared to an isotropic radiator? A- 10.1 degrees B- 20.3 degrees C- 45.0 degrees D- 60.9 degrees 4BA-1B.4 What can the FCC require the licensee to do if any spurious radiation from an amateur station causes harmful interference to the reception of another radio station? A- Reduce the spurious emissions to 0 dB below the fundamental B- Observe quiet hours and pay a fine C- Forfeit the station license and pay a fine D- Eliminate or reduce the interference 4BA-4E-1.1 What is the term used to describe Amateur Radio communication from a station that is beyond the major portion of the earth's atmosphere? A- EME B- Exospheric operation C- Downlink D- Space operation 4BA-5G.6 For what type of services may a VE be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses? A- Preparing, processing or administering examinations above the Novice class B- Preparing, processing or administering examinations including the Novice class C- A VE cannot be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses D- Only for preparation of examination elements 4BA-7B.1 What examination elements are required for an Amateur Extra class operator license? A- 1(C) and 4(B) B- 3(B), 4(A) and 4(B) C- 1(B), 2, 3(A), 3(B), 4(A) and 4(B) D- 1(C), 2, 3(A), 3(B), 4(A) and 4(B) 4BA-7F.4 How must the station call sign be amended when operating under the temporary authority authorized by Section 97.35? A- The applicant must use an identifier code as a prefix to his or her present call sign, e.g., when using voice; "interim AE KA1MJP" B- The applicant must use an identifier code as a suffix to his or her present call sign, e.g., when using voice; "KA1MJP temporary AE" C- By adding after the call sign, when using voice, the phrase "operating temporary Technician, General, Advanced or Extra" D- By adding to the call sign, when using CW, the slant bar followed by the letters T, G, A or E 4BC-2.1 When the earth's atmosphere is struck by a meteor, a cylindrical region of free electrons is formed at what layer of the ionosphere? A- The F1 layer B- The E layer C- The F2 layer D- The D layer 4BD-4.4 Why is an RF attenuator desirable in a receiver used for direction finding? A- It narrows the bandwidth of the received signal B- It eliminates the effects of isotropic radiation C- It reduces loss of received signals caused by antenna pattern nulls D- It prevents receiver overload from extremely strong signals 4BE-2B.7 What is the time constant of a circuit having two 220-microfarad capacitors and two 1-megohm resistors all in series? A- 55 seconds B- 110 seconds C- 220 seconds D- 440 seconds 4BE-4.3 What is the impedance of a network comprised of a 10- microhenry inductor in series with a 40-ohm resistor, at 500 MHz? (Specify your answer in rectangular coordinates.) A- 40 + j31400 B- 40 - j31400 C- 31400 + j40 D- 31400 - j40 4BF-1E.1 What is the schematic symbol for an N-channel junction FET? 4BG-1A.1 What is a flip-flop circuit? A- A binary sequential logic element with one stable state B- A binary sequential logic element with eight stable states C- A binary sequential logic element with four stable states D- A binary sequential logic element with two stable states 4BG-2B.2 What does the accuracy of a frequency counter depend on? A- The internal crystal reference B- A voltage-regulated power supply with an unvarying output C- Accuracy of the ac input frequency to the power supply D- Proper balancing of the power-supply diodes 4BG-4D.1 What is meant by the term noise figure of a communications receiver? A- The level of noise entering the receiver from the antenna B- The relative strength of a received signal 3 kHz removed from the carrier frequency C- The level of noise generated in the front end and succeeding stages of a receiver D- The ability of a receiver to reject unwanted signals at frequencies close to the desired one 4BH-2E.1 What is the duration of a 45-baud Baudot RTTY data pulse? A- 11 milliseconds B- 40 milliseconds C- 31 milliseconds D- 22 milliseconds 4BH-5.1 What is the term for the amplitude of the maximum positive excursion of a signal as viewed on an oscilloscope? A- Peak-to-peak voltage B- Inverse peak negative voltage C- RMS voltage D- Peak positive voltage 4BI-3B.4 What is the characteristic impedance at the input of a nonresonant rhombic antenna? A- 50 to 55 ohms B- 70 to 75 ohms C- 300 to 350 ohms D- 700 to 800 ohms
